In ancient Egypt, Hathor was the goddess of love, beauty, dancing, sexuality and joy. She was also associated with the gods Ra and Horus as their mother or consort in various versions of the myths, and was symbollically considered the mother of the King, who was Horus' earthly manifestation. Even her name (ancient Hwt-Hr) literally translates as 'house/dwelling of Horus'. As a loving mother and symbol of sexuality and joy, Hathor in many ways personified ancient Egyptian ideas of womanhood. In some versions of the myths, she was believed to have created the world itself.

One of Hathor's titles was 'mistress of love', alluding to her sexual identity. Various other of her titles link her with dancing, joy and music.

Hathor is conventionally shown as a standing female figure, with a breast exposed, but is also associated with various animals, most notably the divine cow. She was one of the most important gods in the ancient Egyptian pantheon, and was frequently invoked in private worship in order to wish for children or a successful birth.