The earliest samplers were reference works for embroiderers. They showed 'samples' of patterns and stitches and recorded how to achieve particular effects. In Europe in the 17th century samplers provided instruction and practice for girls learning needlework. Embroiderers began to use more picture decoration and often made samplers in a form suitable for display. In the 18th century, they often used trees, flowers and birds. Here these picture decorations are combined with alphabets and a moral verse as well as the maker's name and the date it was completed. European settlers took the tradition of sampler-making to the USA. This example comes from Boxford, Massachusetts.