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Marionette
1870s-1890s (made)
| Artist/Maker | |
| Place of origin |
This is one of 35 marionettes known as of the Tiller-Clowes troupe, one of the last remaining Victorian marionette troupes in England. Marionette shows were a popular form of entertainment for adults in the 19th century. Many troupes were family concerns which travelled round the country long before the advent of film or television, presenting shortened versions of London's latest popular entertainment including melodramas, dramas, pantomimes, minstrel shows and music hall. In the 18th and early 19th centuries their theatres were relatively makeshift, but after about 1860 many became considerably elaborate, with walls constructed from wooden shutters, seating made from tiered planks of wood, and canvas roofs.
The figures were carved, painted, dressed and performed by members of the company. This is one of two black minstrels in the collection. Minstrel shows were very popular in London from the 1840s onwards, notably in St. James's Hall in Piccadilly where they were considered family entertainment, with the minstrels singing sentimental ballads and playing instruments including the banjo, tambourine, one-stringed fiddle and the bones. The craze for them extended to marionette companies, all of which featured black minstrels in their troupes.
The figures were carved, painted, dressed and performed by members of the company. This is one of two black minstrels in the collection. Minstrel shows were very popular in London from the 1840s onwards, notably in St. James's Hall in Piccadilly where they were considered family entertainment, with the minstrels singing sentimental ballads and playing instruments including the banjo, tambourine, one-stringed fiddle and the bones. The craze for them extended to marionette companies, all of which featured black minstrels in their troupes.
Object details
| Categories | |
| Object type | |
| Materials and techniques | Carved and painted wood and sewn cotton stuffed body with cotton costume |
| Brief description | Carved wooden marionette from the Tiller troupe. Figure representing a black minstrel wearing a black smoking jacket with yellow lapels and yellow buttons, and knee-breeches. Made by the Tiller family circa 1870 to 1890. |
| Physical description | Carved wooden marionette in the form of a black minstrel. He has carved hair, a painted black face with large painted red lips, and painted eyes, with flecks in the pupils. His hands are painted black and both hands are open, with a space between the thumb, and the fingers and slots between the third and fourth and fourth and fifth fingers - possibly for strings to run through. He wears a lined black smoking jacket of fine glazed cotton, with yellow ochre lapels and buttons and black knee-breeches, black stockings, a white shirt front and collar with a bow tie of a red patterned material (the same fabric as the silk foulard worn by S.307-1999). His boots are painted black and there is extra carved detail on his boots. The ankles are jointed. The body is a carved flat pelvis piece for the attachment of the legs, the legs attached by leather loops. The torso is stuffed, but with some flexibility, and the upper arms are also lightly stuffed. There are strings to the hands and knees. Two control bars, bar 1 with 2 notches; bar 2 with 5 notches. There are hooks and eyes for the strings, which are not original. |
| Dimensions |
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| Production type | Unique |
| Object history | This marionette along with the rest of the troupe and three of their original backcloths had been stored in a blacksmith's shop in Lincolnshire for over thirty years, but after cleaning and re-stringing, most were restored by Gerald Morice and George Speaight who purchased them in 1945. They began working on recreating some of the puppets' original repertoire. Since the original cloths were too fragile for performance, new backdrops were painted, and in August 1951 as part of The Festival of Britain celebrations, the marionettes took to the stage again as The Old Time Marionettes, at the Riverside Theatre, Festival Gardens, Battersea Park. In the 1980s George Speaight lent the troupe to puppeteers in Germany but in the late 1990s he sold them to John Phillips, whose widow sold them to The Theatre Museum after his death in 1998. This marionette was used in the Variety performance preceding the production of The Floating Beacon at the Theatre Museum in April 2004, when he introduced the programme with his fellow Minstrel (S.292-1999) and they sang Buffalo Girls Won't You Come Out Tonight? |
| Historical context | Black minstrel troupes were very popular in Britain in the second half of the 19th century following the appearance at St James's Hall, London, in 1859 of the American minstrel comedian George Washington Moore, with Raynor and Pierce's Christy Troupe. The Moore and Burgess Minstrels, a troupe Moore later founded with Frederick Burgess, became a popular feature St James's Hall, and the craze for minstrel troupes was parodied by W.S. Gilbert in Utopia, Limited (1893). |
| Production | It is impossible to identify the precise maker of this marionette since the company made, altered and used figures throughout its career. It is possible to distinguish distinct types of carving in many of the human figures, and this may be by Maker B. |
| Summary | This is one of 35 marionettes known as of the Tiller-Clowes troupe, one of the last remaining Victorian marionette troupes in England. Marionette shows were a popular form of entertainment for adults in the 19th century. Many troupes were family concerns which travelled round the country long before the advent of film or television, presenting shortened versions of London's latest popular entertainment including melodramas, dramas, pantomimes, minstrel shows and music hall. In the 18th and early 19th centuries their theatres were relatively makeshift, but after about 1860 many became considerably elaborate, with walls constructed from wooden shutters, seating made from tiered planks of wood, and canvas roofs. The figures were carved, painted, dressed and performed by members of the company. This is one of two black minstrels in the collection. Minstrel shows were very popular in London from the 1840s onwards, notably in St. James's Hall in Piccadilly where they were considered family entertainment, with the minstrels singing sentimental ballads and playing instruments including the banjo, tambourine, one-stringed fiddle and the bones. The craze for them extended to marionette companies, all of which featured black minstrels in their troupes. |
| Bibliographic reference | The Saturday Book - 25
Edited by John Bradfield, published Hutchinson, 1965.
Article entitled 'A Troupe of Puppets'. |
| Collection | |
| Accession number | S.293-1999 |
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| Record created | March 28, 2001 |
| Record URL |
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