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Matsya

Figure
ca.1780s (made)
Place of origin

Matsya, the first avatar of Vishnu, is shown as a hybrid image with his human torso rising up out of the mouth of the fish incarnation. He has four arms which originally held the attributes of Vishnu, of which only fragments now remain. A published drawing, Moor (1861), shows the figure holding a chakra in his upper right hand, which is also now missing two fingers, and a gada in the left upper hand of which only the bottom of the handle survives in his hand. Of the lower two hands his right one formerly held a conch with the left hand holding a lotus blossom in full flower with a curving stem, of which only a small portion now survives in his hand. The avatar has a Vaishnavite caste mark on his forehead and wears a headdress with a pointed cap embellished with a band which encircles the front and sides of his head decorated with rosettes and upstanding tufts of either peacock feathers or lotus buds, which are broken off on the right hand side. He wears a sacred thread across his body with jewellery consisting of two necklaces, rosette earrings, wrist bangles and an armband decorated with a rosette on his arm just below his right shoulder.The fish below has a scaly body which rests on a plinth with its tail curving back on the left hand side. The circular plinth has a moulded rim ornamented with lotus petals.

Object details

Categories
Object type
TitleMatsya (generic title)
Materials and techniques
zinc alloy, casting
Brief description
Matsya, avatar of Vishnu; Sculpture, zinc alloy, Benares, ca.1780s
Physical description
Matsya, the first avatar of Vishnu, is shown as a hybrid image with his human torso rising up out of the mouth of the fish incarnation. He has four arms which originally held the attributes of Vishnu, of which only fragments now remain. A published drawing, Moor (1861), shows the figure holding a chakra in his upper right hand, which is also now missing two fingers, and a gada in the left upper hand of which only the bottom of the handle survives in his hand. Of the lower two hands his right one formerly held a conch with the left hand holding a lotus blossom in full flower with a curving stem, of which only a small portion now survives in his hand. The avatar has a Vaishnavite caste mark on his forehead and wears a headdress with a pointed cap embellished with a band which encircles the front and sides of his head decorated with rosettes and upstanding tufts of either peacock feathers or lotus buds, which are broken off on the right hand side. He wears a sacred thread across his body with jewellery consisting of two necklaces, rosette earrings, wrist bangles and an armband decorated with a rosette on his arm just below his right shoulder.The fish below has a scaly body which rests on a plinth with its tail curving back on the left hand side. The circular plinth has a moulded rim ornamented with lotus petals.
Object history
Donated by Sir Charles Wilkins to the India Museum and transferred to the South Kensington Museum (now the V&A) in 1879. It is numbered 298 in the India Museum Slip Books. Sir Charles Wilkins, F.R.S. (1749-1836) was a founding member with William Jones of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. He trained as a printer and joined the East India Company as a writer arriving in India in 1770 where he gained the support of Warren Hastings, the Governor General, who encouraged him to further his linguistic studies in Sanskrit. This resulted among other publications on Sanskrit grammar, language and literature in the first translation of the Bhagavad Gita into English in 1785. He returned to England in 1786 and subsequently became the first Director and Librarian of the East India Company’s library at India House in 1800. His collection of zinc alloy deities which he had commissioned while in Benares (now Varanasi) was published in The Hindu Pantheon by Edward Moor in London in 1810.
Production
The figure was commissioned by Charles Wilkins as part of a set of Hindu gods.
Bibliographic references
  • pl. 48, fig. 1. Moor, E. & Moor, Allen Page (1861), Shrisarvvadevasabha. Plates illustrating the Hindu Pantheon reprinted from the work of Major E. Moor...Edited, with brief descriptive index by...A.P. Moor, London, Hertford, p.13
  • p.420, (note) Moor, E. (1810) The Hindu Pantheon, London, Johnson
Collection
Accession number
583(IS)

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Record createdJune 25, 2009
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