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Not on display

Spoon

1668-1669
Place of origin

This is an example of a type of spoon described as a 'trefid' pattern, so-called after the way the end of the stem is split into three sections. The design is completely different to that of earlier spoons made in England, and is almost certainly inspired by contemporary examples from the Continent, particularly France. Goldsmiths' Company court minutes from the 1660s refer to 'French fashion spoons', which probably looked similar to this one. This new fashion meant the finial of the spoon was designed so that the spoon could be placed on the table with its open bowl down (the opposite of how it would be placed on the table today). This is why the initials or crest of the original owners are engraved on what we would now think of as the back of the spoon. The stamped decoration on the finial and bowl is achieved by hammering the spoon into a die in which the decoration has been cut. Spoons of this form decorated in this way are known as 'lace back' trefids, and they are perhaps the commonest and best-known type of decorated trefid. This spoon was in the collection of the Marquess of Breadalbane (1851-1922), an important early collector of spoons who, unusually, distinguished pieces in his collection by literally stamping his name on them. He was also an enthusiastic patron of Scottish silversmiths of his own time.

Object details

Category
Object type
Materials and techniques
Brief description
Spoon, gilded silver, English (York), 1692-1693, mark of Christopher Whitehill
Physical description
Spoon, silver with later gilding, lace-back trefid pattern.
Dimensions
  • Tip of bowl to tip of finial length: 20cm
  • Weight: 51.2g
Marks and inscriptions
  • On the back of the stem, L to R from the bowl: Leopard's head and fleur-de-lys dimidiated and conjoined, the mark of the York assay office; maker's mark 'C W' above a pellet in a shaped shield, for Christopher Whitehill; date letter a Gothic 'L' for the York assay office year 1692-93.
  • Engraved on the back of the stem, above the hallmarks, with the name 'Breadalbane'.
Credit line
Arthur Hurst Bequest
Object history
The spoon was once in the collection of the Marquess of Breadalbane (1851 – 1922).
Summary
This is an example of a type of spoon described as a 'trefid' pattern, so-called after the way the end of the stem is split into three sections. The design is completely different to that of earlier spoons made in England, and is almost certainly inspired by contemporary examples from the Continent, particularly France. Goldsmiths' Company court minutes from the 1660s refer to 'French fashion spoons', which probably looked similar to this one. This new fashion meant the finial of the spoon was designed so that the spoon could be placed on the table with its open bowl down (the opposite of how it would be placed on the table today). This is why the initials or crest of the original owners are engraved on what we would now think of as the back of the spoon. The stamped decoration on the finial and bowl is achieved by hammering the spoon into a die in which the decoration has been cut. Spoons of this form decorated in this way are known as 'lace back' trefids, and they are perhaps the commonest and best-known type of decorated trefid. This spoon was in the collection of the Marquess of Breadalbane (1851-1922), an important early collector of spoons who, unusually, distinguished pieces in his collection by literally stamping his name on them. He was also an enthusiastic patron of Scottish silversmiths of his own time.
Bibliographic references
  • Jackson's Silver & Gold Marks of England, Scotland & Ireland, ed. Ian Pickford. Woodbridge: Antique Collectors' Club, 1989. Third edition, revised. ISBN 0907462634
  • Bradbury's book of hallmarks: a guide to marks of origin on English, Scottish and Irish silver, gold and platinum and on foreign imported silver and gold plate 1544 to 1992, Old Sheffield plate makers' marks, 1743-1860, originally compiled by Frederick Bradbury. New ed., rev. Sheffield: J.W. Northend Ltd., 1991. ISBN: 0901100285
  • Snodin, Michael. English Silver Spoons. London: Charles Letts, 1974. ISBN 850971101
  • Fraser, Colin T. 'Early Scottish Silver Collectors: The Beginnings of a Collecting Field. Gavin, 1st Marquess and 7th Earl of Breadalbane'. The Finial: The Antique Spoon Collectors' Magazine, vol. 25/02, November/December 2014. pp. 4 - 7.
  • Schroder, Timothy. British and Continental Gold and Silver in the Ashmolean Museum. 3 vols. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 2009. ISBN 9781854442208
Collection
Accession number
M.261-1940

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Record createdJune 24, 2009
Record URL
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