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Nutcracker

ca.1890 (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

By the late nineteenth century nutcrackers could be sold singly or in boxed sets with grape scissors. In 1897, Mappin Brothers sold boxes of two nut cracks and a pair of grape scissors with ivory handles for £2 8s.
These nutcrackers are an example of close plated work which was a method used, particularly by the cutlery industry, to apply a silver surface to a base metal. The steel nutcrackers were immersed in a flux of sal ammoniac, dipped in molten tin and covered in a thin silver foil. A hot soldering iron was applied to the surface, melting the tin under the silver foil and fusing the silver to the steel. Bubbles of rust on the underlying tin have caused the plating to lift. On exposure to the air, the tin has tarnished black.

Manufacturing close plate was laborious and time-consuming, but the industry did not collide directly with electroplate in the same way as Sheffield plate. Close plate workers specialised in making cutlery, scissors, and snuffers up until the early 20th century.

Object details

Categories
Object type
Materials and techniques
Close plate
Brief description
Nutcracker, closeplate, Birmingham, Henry Millington Harwood and Son, 1890s
Physical description
Nutcrackers with two cylinders mounted to turn on a shaped metal piece ( turn-over lever mechanism - so that the arms could be reversed to hang from the wider side - so wide enough to crack a larger nut ) with rectangular upper arms which curve and taper to the ends. Grid of dots on the upper arms.
Dimensions
  • Length: 15cm
  • Height: 1.8cm
  • Greatest width width: 3.5cm
Marks and inscriptions
Mark of Harwood in an oval with also a mark of a crown and an unidentified crest.
Object history
By the late nineteenth century nutcrackers could be sold singly or in boxed sets with grape scissors. In 1897, Mappin Brothers sold boxes of two nut cracks and a pair of grape scissors with ivory handles for £2 8s.
Historical context
These nutcrackers are an example of close plated work which was a method used, particularly by the cutlery industry, to apply a silver surface to a base metal. The mark 'S' denotes an underlying metal of steel. The steel nutcrackers were immersed in a flux of sal ammoniac, dipped in molten tin and covered in a thin silver foil. A hot soldering iron was applied to the surface, melting the tin under the silver foil and fusing the silver to the steel. Bubbles of rust on the underlying tin have caused the plating to lift. On exposure to the air, the tin has tarnished black.

Manufacturing close plate was laborious and time-consuming, but the industry did not collide directly with electroplate in the same way as Sheffield plate. Close plate workers specialised in making cutlery, scissors, and snuffers up until the early 20th-century.
Summary
By the late nineteenth century nutcrackers could be sold singly or in boxed sets with grape scissors. In 1897, Mappin Brothers sold boxes of two nut cracks and a pair of grape scissors with ivory handles for £2 8s.
These nutcrackers are an example of close plated work which was a method used, particularly by the cutlery industry, to apply a silver surface to a base metal. The steel nutcrackers were immersed in a flux of sal ammoniac, dipped in molten tin and covered in a thin silver foil. A hot soldering iron was applied to the surface, melting the tin under the silver foil and fusing the silver to the steel. Bubbles of rust on the underlying tin have caused the plating to lift. On exposure to the air, the tin has tarnished black.

Manufacturing close plate was laborious and time-consuming, but the industry did not collide directly with electroplate in the same way as Sheffield plate. Close plate workers specialised in making cutlery, scissors, and snuffers up until the early 20th century.
Bibliographic references
  • For mark see.Andrea de Giovanni, Sheffield and Birmingham Victorian Electroplaters Book of Marks, Italy, 1991. p.71
  • Typical of standard nutcracker designs of the time. See James Dixon and Sons Catalogue, 1892 p. 39
Collection
Accession number
M.26-1999

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Record createdFebruary 15, 2000
Record URL
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