Geometric Solids are a classic part of the Montessori method. They are bright blue and smooth to draw children in and encourage handling them by appealing to their senses. The blocks are all the same colour so that children can focus on what is different between them all: their shape, their appearance, how they feel, and how they interact with surfaces, as well as each other. The purpose of the geometric blocks is to help children learn how 3D shapes are related to 2D shapes, for example, how a pyramid is made up of a square and four triangles. Learning the names of shapes by slow repetition also enhances language development and recognition.

The Montessori method of education was founded by Dr. Maria Montessori, born in 1870, in Chiaravalle, Italy. She established the Casa dei Bambini (Children’s House) in 1906, which oversaw the care of a children of working parents in the San Lorenzo district in Rome. Activities included personal care tasks, like getting dressed, and domestic chores, like cleaning and gardening. Montessori observed the behaviour of the children, who often showed more interest in practical activities and using Montessori’s materials, rather than using toys. Such behaviours formed the foundations for her educational philosophy. She replaced heavy furniture with children’s furniture light enough for the children to move, and placed materials on low, accessible shelves. She expanded activities to include flower arranging, hand washing, gymnastics, and cooking. By 1912, Montessori schools had opened in several West European cities, and were planned in countries across the world. They continue to have a lasting global impact.

The sensorial materials associated with the Montessori method developed as part of Montessori’s theory that cognitive development could be improved by children using their senses when learning new ideas. The sensorial material was created to help young children in the process of learning – through repeatedly playing with the objects, Montessori believed children would form clear, logical ideas and that their imagination would be sparked.