Armchair thumbnail 1
On loan
  • On display at Tamworth Castle, Staffordshire

Armchair

1580-1640 (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

"Arm-Chair (Box Chair); the high back, which is panelled, is surmounted by an arch, carved with the date 1574 and the initials I.E.S. below; the uprights finish with flattened terminals; the sides are panelled, the arms are flat and shaped on the inner sides; below the seat (which has been renewed) is a panelled door." (Clifford Smith)

The back stiles are full height, with integral carved knops, with scratch moulding on the inside faces, front and back. The moulded top rail is very sharp (and therefore replaced), and the carved lunette (with the date 1574) is apparently old (16th century), but glued in place. At the back, both mid-rails, which are moulded on both sides, do not match the more conventional side rails and the back, bottom rail. Around the base of the chair, at sides and back, plain stabilizing rails have been added. Of the three plain back panels (of vertically grained oak) with a slight chamfer, the bottom appears to be original, the two above replacements. On each side there are two panels, horizontally grained, which appear to be original. The seat of trapezoidal shape, consists of two planks, grained side to side, both of them replacements and held by 3 new nailed fillets. The arms are carved and morticed to receive the front legs (held by a single peg), and with a spliced-in repair under the left handle, and are tenoned into the rear stiles (held by a single peg). The front seat rail and bottom rail, with scratch mouldings, are held to the side rails (held by two pegs), and appear to be original. The bottom consists of two planks (of original oak, and replaced softwood).
The compartment under the seat is accessed by a door of frame and panel construction, double-pegged, held on two iron hinges tenoned into both the door stile and the chair stile. The handle backplate(?) is original. A groove has been cut in the left stile (as if to receive a latch, but probably to receive a modern mirror plate to secure the door shut).

Object details

Categories
Object type
Materials and techniques
oak, joined and carved
Brief description
Armchair, English, dated 1574, oak, initials IES
Physical description
"Arm-Chair (Box Chair); the high back, which is panelled, is surmounted by an arch, carved with the date 1574 and the initials I.E.S. below; the uprights finish with flattened terminals; the sides are panelled, the arms are flat and shaped on the inner sides; below the seat (which has been renewed) is a panelled door." (Clifford Smith)

The back stiles are full height, with integral carved knops, with scratch moulding on the inside faces, front and back. The moulded top rail is very sharp (and therefore replaced), and the carved lunette (with the date 1574) is apparently old (16th century), but glued in place. At the back, both mid-rails, which are moulded on both sides, do not match the more conventional side rails and the back, bottom rail. Around the base of the chair, at sides and back, plain stabilizing rails have been added. Of the three plain back panels (of vertically grained oak) with a slight chamfer, the bottom appears to be original, the two above replacements. On each side there are two panels, horizontally grained, which appear to be original. The seat of trapezoidal shape, consists of two planks, grained side to side, both of them replacements and held by 3 new nailed fillets. The arms are carved and morticed to receive the front legs (held by a single peg), and with a spliced-in repair under the left handle, and are tenoned into the rear stiles (held by a single peg). The front seat rail and bottom rail, with scratch mouldings, are held to the side rails (held by two pegs), and appear to be original. The bottom consists of two planks (of original oak, and replaced softwood).
The compartment under the seat is accessed by a door of frame and panel construction, double-pegged, held on two iron hinges tenoned into both the door stile and the chair stile. The handle backplate(?) is original. A groove has been cut in the left stile (as if to receive a latch, but probably to receive a modern mirror plate to secure the door shut).
Dimensions
  • Height: 139.5cm
  • Seat height: 45.5cmcm
  • Width: 66cm
  • Depth: 46.5cm
Measured 28/1/2010
Gallery label
(1968)
Arm-chair.
Oak, carved with the marriage initials I.E.S. and the date 1574. English.
From Newbury Bershire.
The seat has been renewed; below it is a small cupboard.
Object history
Bought for £45 from Messrs. Chaundy of Oxford, Ltd. 2, Albermarle Street, London W1 "Bottom moulding of the front is missing. The seat has been renewed."

Acquired in Berkshire and said to have belonged to John Winchcombe, alias Smallwood of Newbury, Berkshire, grandson of John Winchcombe, popularly known as 'Jack of Newbury'.
Production
restored and the back rebuilt ca.1900, with the date 1574 added
Bibliographic references
  • Herbert Cescinsky & Ernest Gribble: Early English Furniture & Woodwork. Vol II. (London, 1922), p.167 fig. 215.
  • H. Clifford Smith, Catalogue of English Furniture & Woodwork (London 1930), 513, Plate 3.
  • G. Bernard Hughes, The Chairs of the Tudors, in Country Life, March 23, 1972 pp.720-23
  • Charles H. Hayward, Antique or Fake? The Making of Old Furniture. London, Evans Brothers, 1970, illustrated p. 122.
Collection
Accession number
W.134-1919

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Record createdFebruary 13, 2007
Record URL
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