Not currently on display at the V&A

Design

ca. 1880 (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

This design was acquired by Caspar Purdon Clarke during a purchasing tour to India made on behalf of the museum in 1881-1882. Sir Casper Purdon Clarke (1846-1911) was a trained architect who entered HM Office of Works and in 1867 transferred to the Works Department of the South Kensington Museum. He designed the Indian Section of the 1877 Paris Exhibition, and arranged the Indian collections at South Kensington in 1880.He became the first Keeper of the museum's Indian Section in 1883, and was subsequently Director until 1896. He was an architect and may have originally bought this, and five other drawings (four of which are now in the V&A), for his own collection, as suggested by a pencil annotation: "Purdon Clarke Collection (C) Golden Temple Amritsar (Sikh Ornament)". This is in the hand of Purdon Clarke's son, Caspar Stanley Clarke, who himself became Keeper from 1911 to 1926. The identification of the design as a copy of wall paintings in the Golden Temple itself is not entirely reliable as nothing has survived to this day that resembles it, and the theory was firmly dismissed by the distinguished Sikh scholar Patwant Singh in 1998 when he examined the series of designs. They would have been produced at the Mayo School of Art in Lahore as its Principal, John Lockwood Kipling, actively encouraged his students to study architectural ornamentation.


Object details

Categories
Object type
Materials and techniques
Painted in opaque watercolour on paper
Brief description
Design for a wall painting, or copy of a wall painting in the Golden Temple, opaque watercolour on paper; Lahore, ca. 1880
Physical description
Painting, in opaque watercolour on paper. The horizontal design may have been intended for the space above a doorway or window and consists of a cusped arch filled with vases of flowers on a plain ground. The central vase is supported on the head of a grey-bearded man with a bare torso and yellow turban. Birds perch on the scrolling decoration beneath the vase, and a pair fly above it. The spandrels of the arch are filled with an extravagant scrolling design on deep salmon-pink ground, with male and female figures clinging onto the leaves of the scroll. The figures also include divs and peris (demons and fairies from Iranian and Mughal book painting traditions), animals and birds.
Dimensions
  • Height: 69.5cm
  • Paper is slightly irregularly cut width: 102cm
Marks and inscriptions
In pencil on the front: "Sikh Wall Painting copied from the Golden Temple". On the back, in the hand of Caspar Stanley Clarke: "Purdon Clarke Collection (C) Golden Temple Amritsar (Sikh Ornament).
Gallery label
WALL PAINTING DESIGN Opaque watercolour and gold on paper Mayo School of Art c. 1880 IS.4-1998 This design was either directly copied from one of the wall paintings in the Harmandir, or was inspired by them. The creation of these fresco paintings called dehin involved a complex process of preparing the wall to make it perfectly smooth. The design was outlined on wet plaster and then painted with colours before it dried out. The pigments include red and yellow ochre, a vivid blue from lapis lazuli, and black from burnt coconut shells. (August 2017)
Object history
Collected by Caspar Purdon Clarke during his purchasing tour of India in 1881-2 made on behalf of the South Kensington Museum. Sir Casper Purdon Clarke (1846-1911) was a trained architect who entered HM Office of Works and in 1867 transferred to the Works Department of the South Kensington Museum. He designed the Indian Section of the 1877 Paris Exhibition, and arranged the Indian collections at South Kensington in 1880. It is not clear whether these drawings were intended for the museum, or were bought for himself, as all the designs in the series are clearly marked "Purdon Clarke Collection" in the hand of his son, Caspar Stanley Clarke, who later became Keeper of the Indian Department.
Historical context
Although the annotations clearly state that this is decoration copied from the Golden Temple in Amritsar, this was deemed impossible by the distinguished Sikh writer Patwant Singh when he examined the series in 1998.
Subjects depicted
Summary
This design was acquired by Caspar Purdon Clarke during a purchasing tour to India made on behalf of the museum in 1881-1882. Sir Casper Purdon Clarke (1846-1911) was a trained architect who entered HM Office of Works and in 1867 transferred to the Works Department of the South Kensington Museum. He designed the Indian Section of the 1877 Paris Exhibition, and arranged the Indian collections at South Kensington in 1880.He became the first Keeper of the museum's Indian Section in 1883, and was subsequently Director until 1896. He was an architect and may have originally bought this, and five other drawings (four of which are now in the V&A), for his own collection, as suggested by a pencil annotation: "Purdon Clarke Collection (C) Golden Temple Amritsar (Sikh Ornament)". This is in the hand of Purdon Clarke's son, Caspar Stanley Clarke, who himself became Keeper from 1911 to 1926. The identification of the design as a copy of wall paintings in the Golden Temple itself is not entirely reliable as nothing has survived to this day that resembles it, and the theory was firmly dismissed by the distinguished Sikh scholar Patwant Singh in 1998 when he examined the series of designs. They would have been produced at the Mayo School of Art in Lahore as its Principal, John Lockwood Kipling, actively encouraged his students to study architectural ornamentation.
Associated objects
Collection
Accession number
IS.4-1998

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Record createdSeptember 14, 2005
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