These woollen threads show the wide range of colours available to knitters in the period 1850-1900. The first chemical dyes were developed during the 1850s, allowing the creation of bright purple and red textiles. Boldly coloured yarns became popular through Berlin woolwork. This popular type of embroidery employed merino wool from Germany on a canvas ground.

Knitters can use many varieties of yarn, ranging from smooth, slippery silk to thick, tufted fibres like mohair. Yarns made from wool are elastic and will contract back to their original length after stretching. They also allow air to circulate and are better at absorbing dyes. Many modern yarns are a blend of natural fibres and man-made ones, which add durability.