Virgin and Child with Saints thumbnail 1
Virgin and Child with Saints thumbnail 2
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Virgin and Child with Saints

Relief
early 15th century (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

This is an ivory group made in the early 15th century, in France, probably Paris. The pierced relief depicts the Virgin and Child with St. John the Baptist, St. Louis of Toulouse and a kneeling nun. The relief probably originally formed the left leaf of a small diptych, with the Crucifixion on the right leaf. The format of the group, with a kneeling donor and intercessory saints standing behind, was popular amongst the commissioners of courtly devotional images at the end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fifteenth century. The style of the figures and the low relief carving, coupled with a love of detail and preciosity, immediately link the relief to other ivory carvings associated with the Parisian and Franco-Flemish workshops of the early fifteenth century.

The devotional diptych is in many ways the object type most associated with the notion of Gothic ivory carving. The earliest examples probably date to the 1240s; these are complex, large and ambitious works that emerged, somewhat surprisingly, with no obvious precursors. The owners of ivory diptychs sometimes appear within their images. Such portraits indicate that they were special requests on the part of their commissioners, and they parallel the similar figures that appear in manuscripts and panel paintings of the period. The iconography of Gothic diptychs oscillated between two poles. The first of which is the desire to present narratives (Life of Christ and Virgin Mary) for envisaging. The second was the use of non-narrative images to form the focus of devotion.

Object details

Categories
Object type
TitleVirgin and Child with Saints (generic title)
Materials and techniques
Carved elephant ivory
Brief description
Relief, carved ivory, depicting the Virgin and Child with Saints, French (probably Paris), early 15th century
Physical description
Carved ivory group from a pierced panel depicting the Virgin and Child with St. John the Baptist, a Bishop wearing a crown (St. Louis of Toulouse?) and a kneeling nun. The crowned Virgin is shown with the suckling Christ-Child on the right; on the left is St John the Baptist with the Lamb of God and the cross with banner, and in the centre St Louis of Toulouse (1274-97). The latter is mitred, as Bishop of Toulouse, holds a crozier, and is furhter identifiable by the crown he holds and the Franciscan knotted rope girdle. Kneeling in front of the group is a Franciscan nun, not haloed as the other three figures are and so presumably not St Clare; instead she probably represents the owner of the piece. The pierced relief was once contained within an ivory borde, the figures flanked by a slim column at each side.
Dimensions
  • Height: 7cm
  • At base width: 5.6cm
Object history
In the possession of John Webb, London, by 1862; purchased from Webb in 1867 for £15.
Subjects depicted
Summary
This is an ivory group made in the early 15th century, in France, probably Paris. The pierced relief depicts the Virgin and Child with St. John the Baptist, St. Louis of Toulouse and a kneeling nun. The relief probably originally formed the left leaf of a small diptych, with the Crucifixion on the right leaf. The format of the group, with a kneeling donor and intercessory saints standing behind, was popular amongst the commissioners of courtly devotional images at the end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fifteenth century. The style of the figures and the low relief carving, coupled with a love of detail and preciosity, immediately link the relief to other ivory carvings associated with the Parisian and Franco-Flemish workshops of the early fifteenth century.

The devotional diptych is in many ways the object type most associated with the notion of Gothic ivory carving. The earliest examples probably date to the 1240s; these are complex, large and ambitious works that emerged, somewhat surprisingly, with no obvious precursors. The owners of ivory diptychs sometimes appear within their images. Such portraits indicate that they were special requests on the part of their commissioners, and they parallel the similar figures that appear in manuscripts and panel paintings of the period. The iconography of Gothic diptychs oscillated between two poles. The first of which is the desire to present narratives (Life of Christ and Virgin Mary) for envisaging. The second was the use of non-narrative images to form the focus of devotion.
Bibliographic references
  • Leeuwenberg, Jaap. Early Nineteenth-century Gothic Ivories. Aachener Kunstblätter. 39, 1969, pp. 111-148
  • Inventory of Art Objects acquired in the Year 1867. Inventory of the Objects in the Art Division of the Museum at South Kensington, arranged According to the Dates of their Acquisition. Vol. 1. London : Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O., 1868, p. 7
  • Longhurst, Margaret H. Catalogue of Carvings in Ivory. London: Published under the Authority of the Board of Education, 1927-1929, Part II, p. 8
  • Maskell, W., A Description of the Ivories Ancient and Medieval in the South Kensington Museum, London, 1872 pp. 116-117
  • Koechlin, R., Les Ivoires gothiques français, 3 vols, Paris, 1924 (reprinted Paris 1968) I, p. 319, II, cat. no. 849, II, pl. CLII
  • Westwood, J O. A descriptive catalogue of the Fictile Ivories in the South Kensington Museum. With an Account of the Continental Collections of Classical and Mediaeval Ivories. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1876 p. 218
  • Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014 part 1, pp. 324-325
  • Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014, part 1, pp. 324-325, cat. no. 111
Collection
Accession number
285-1867

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Record createdOctober 18, 2004
Record URL
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