Virgin and Child with Saints
Relief
early 15th century (made)
early 15th century (made)
Artist/Maker | |
Place of origin |
This is an ivory group made in the early 15th century, in France, probably Paris. The pierced relief depicts the Virgin and Child with St. John the Baptist, St. Louis of Toulouse and a kneeling nun. The relief probably originally formed the left leaf of a small diptych, with the Crucifixion on the right leaf. The format of the group, with a kneeling donor and intercessory saints standing behind, was popular amongst the commissioners of courtly devotional images at the end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fifteenth century. The style of the figures and the low relief carving, coupled with a love of detail and preciosity, immediately link the relief to other ivory carvings associated with the Parisian and Franco-Flemish workshops of the early fifteenth century.
The devotional diptych is in many ways the object type most associated with the notion of Gothic ivory carving. The earliest examples probably date to the 1240s; these are complex, large and ambitious works that emerged, somewhat surprisingly, with no obvious precursors. The owners of ivory diptychs sometimes appear within their images. Such portraits indicate that they were special requests on the part of their commissioners, and they parallel the similar figures that appear in manuscripts and panel paintings of the period. The iconography of Gothic diptychs oscillated between two poles. The first of which is the desire to present narratives (Life of Christ and Virgin Mary) for envisaging. The second was the use of non-narrative images to form the focus of devotion.
The devotional diptych is in many ways the object type most associated with the notion of Gothic ivory carving. The earliest examples probably date to the 1240s; these are complex, large and ambitious works that emerged, somewhat surprisingly, with no obvious precursors. The owners of ivory diptychs sometimes appear within their images. Such portraits indicate that they were special requests on the part of their commissioners, and they parallel the similar figures that appear in manuscripts and panel paintings of the period. The iconography of Gothic diptychs oscillated between two poles. The first of which is the desire to present narratives (Life of Christ and Virgin Mary) for envisaging. The second was the use of non-narrative images to form the focus of devotion.
Object details
Categories | |
Object type | |
Title | Virgin and Child with Saints (generic title) |
Materials and techniques | Carved elephant ivory |
Brief description | Relief, carved ivory, depicting the Virgin and Child with Saints, French (probably Paris), early 15th century |
Physical description | Carved ivory group from a pierced panel depicting the Virgin and Child with St. John the Baptist, a Bishop wearing a crown (St. Louis of Toulouse?) and a kneeling nun. The crowned Virgin is shown with the suckling Christ-Child on the right; on the left is St John the Baptist with the Lamb of God and the cross with banner, and in the centre St Louis of Toulouse (1274-97). The latter is mitred, as Bishop of Toulouse, holds a crozier, and is furhter identifiable by the crown he holds and the Franciscan knotted rope girdle. Kneeling in front of the group is a Franciscan nun, not haloed as the other three figures are and so presumably not St Clare; instead she probably represents the owner of the piece. The pierced relief was once contained within an ivory borde, the figures flanked by a slim column at each side. |
Dimensions |
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Object history | In the possession of John Webb, London, by 1862; purchased from Webb in 1867 for £15. |
Subjects depicted | |
Summary | This is an ivory group made in the early 15th century, in France, probably Paris. The pierced relief depicts the Virgin and Child with St. John the Baptist, St. Louis of Toulouse and a kneeling nun. The relief probably originally formed the left leaf of a small diptych, with the Crucifixion on the right leaf. The format of the group, with a kneeling donor and intercessory saints standing behind, was popular amongst the commissioners of courtly devotional images at the end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fifteenth century. The style of the figures and the low relief carving, coupled with a love of detail and preciosity, immediately link the relief to other ivory carvings associated with the Parisian and Franco-Flemish workshops of the early fifteenth century. The devotional diptych is in many ways the object type most associated with the notion of Gothic ivory carving. The earliest examples probably date to the 1240s; these are complex, large and ambitious works that emerged, somewhat surprisingly, with no obvious precursors. The owners of ivory diptychs sometimes appear within their images. Such portraits indicate that they were special requests on the part of their commissioners, and they parallel the similar figures that appear in manuscripts and panel paintings of the period. The iconography of Gothic diptychs oscillated between two poles. The first of which is the desire to present narratives (Life of Christ and Virgin Mary) for envisaging. The second was the use of non-narrative images to form the focus of devotion. |
Bibliographic references |
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Collection | |
Accession number | 285-1867 |
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Record created | October 18, 2004 |
Record URL |
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