As development spread north of Oxford Street, it became apparent that a new church was needed by the parish of St Marylebone. Chambers was approached by Archdeacon Harley in 1770; the commission was the prove one of the most problematic of his career. The church was eventually built in 1818 to the designs of Chambers's former pupil Thomas Hardwick incorporating many of his master's ideas.

Chambers was born in Sweden and died in London. He travelled widely, visiting China, and studied architecture at the Ecole des Arts, Paris, from 1749 and in Italy from 1750 to 1755. Many of his drawings from this period are contained in his important 'Franco-Italian' album, held in the V&A. Chambers moved to London in 1755 and published his influential Treatise on Civil Architecture in 1759. Chambers demonstrated the breadth of his style in buildings such as Gower (later Carrington) House and Melbourne House, London, in such country houses as Duddingston, Scotland, and in the garden architecture he designed for Wilton House, Wiltshire, and at Kew Gardens. He became head of government building in 1782, and in this capacity built Somerset House, London.