Akbar assists in capturing a cheetah
Painting
ca. 1590-95 (made)
ca. 1590-95 (made)
| Artist/Maker | |
| Place of origin |
This painting from the history of the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar (the Akbarnama) depicts the first time the emperor watched the capture of cheetahs, to be tamed and thereafter used in hunting. Abu'l Fazl, the author of the history, notes that the capture of cheetahs was the most remarkable of all the arts of the hunt in Hindustan: the animals had to be lured into specially dug pits in such a way that they were not injured.
The Akbarnama was commissioned by the emperor as the official chronicle of his reign. It was written by his court historian and biographer Abu'l Fazl between 1590 and 1596 and is thought to have been illustrated between c. 1592 and 1594 by at least forty-nine different artists in the royal ketabkhana, or House of Books. After Akbar's death in 1605, the manuscript remained in the library of his son, Jahangir (r. 1605-1627) and later Shah Jahan (r. 1628-1658). The Victoria and Albert Museum purchased it in 1896 from the widow of Major General John Clarke, an official who had been the Commissioner in Oudh province between 1858 and 1862.
The Akbarnama was commissioned by the emperor as the official chronicle of his reign. It was written by his court historian and biographer Abu'l Fazl between 1590 and 1596 and is thought to have been illustrated between c. 1592 and 1594 by at least forty-nine different artists in the royal ketabkhana, or House of Books. After Akbar's death in 1605, the manuscript remained in the library of his son, Jahangir (r. 1605-1627) and later Shah Jahan (r. 1628-1658). The Victoria and Albert Museum purchased it in 1896 from the widow of Major General John Clarke, an official who had been the Commissioner in Oudh province between 1858 and 1862.
Object details
| Categories | |
| Object type | |
| Title | Akbar assists in capturing a cheetah (generic title) |
| Materials and techniques | Painted in opaque watercolour and gold on paper |
| Brief description | Painting, Akbarnama, Akbar assists in capturing a cheetah, outline by Tulsi, painting by Narain, Mughal, ca. 1590-95 |
| Physical description | Painting, in opaque watercolour and gold on paper, depicts Akbar assisting in lifting a captured cheetah out of a pit. The image is overlaid by two captions of text, extending from the right-hand side of the page. |
| Dimensions |
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| Content description | Akbar assisting in lifting a captured cheetah out of a pit. |
| Styles | |
| Marks and inscriptions | Tarh Tulsi
Amal Narayan (Contemporary librarian's attributions in Persian, in red ink in the margin below the painting.)
|
| Gallery label | AKBAR LIFTING CAPTURED CHEETAHS
From an imperial copy of the Akbarnama (“Book of Akbar”)
Opaque water colour and gold on paper
Mughal, composition by Tulsi, painting by Narayan
ca. 1590-95
IS.2:2-1896
This painting records the first occasion when Akbar hunted cheetahs, in 1560. These animals were caught by luring them into specially dug pits, and were then tamed and trained to hunt. The finest were taken into the royal establishment. Several illustrations in the Akbarnama depict cheetahs with their keepers, held by leads attached to jewelled collars.
(2008) |
| Credit line | Purchased from Mrs. Clarke, The Dingle, Sydenham Hill, S. E |
| Object history | The Akbarnama, or "Book of Akbar", was commissioned by the emperor Akbar as the official chronicle of his reign. It was written by 1590 and 1596 and is thought to have been illustrated between ca. 1592 and 1594 by at least forty-nine different artists from Akbar's studio. After Akbar's death in 1605, the manuscript remained in the library of his son, Jahangir (r.1605-1627) and later Shah Jahan (r.1628-1658). The Victoria and Albert Museum purchased it in 1896 from Mrs. Frances Clarke, the widow of Major General John Clarke, an official who had been the Commissioner in Oudh province between 1858 and 1862. Historical significance: It is thought to be the first illustrated copy of the Akbarnama. It drew upon the expertise of some of the best royal painters of the time, many of whom receive special mention by Abu'l Fazl in the A'in-i-Akbari, the third volume of the Akbarnama. The inscriptions in red ink on the bottom of the paintings refer to the artists and indicate that this was a royal copy. |
| Production | Composition by Tulsi, colours and details painted by Narayan. Attribution place is likely to be Delhi, Agra or Fatehpur Sikri. |
| Subjects depicted | |
| Association | |
| Literary reference | Akbarnama |
| Summary | This painting from the history of the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar (the Akbarnama) depicts the first time the emperor watched the capture of cheetahs, to be tamed and thereafter used in hunting. Abu'l Fazl, the author of the history, notes that the capture of cheetahs was the most remarkable of all the arts of the hunt in Hindustan: the animals had to be lured into specially dug pits in such a way that they were not injured. The Akbarnama was commissioned by the emperor as the official chronicle of his reign. It was written by his court historian and biographer Abu'l Fazl between 1590 and 1596 and is thought to have been illustrated between c. 1592 and 1594 by at least forty-nine different artists in the royal ketabkhana, or House of Books. After Akbar's death in 1605, the manuscript remained in the library of his son, Jahangir (r. 1605-1627) and later Shah Jahan (r. 1628-1658). The Victoria and Albert Museum purchased it in 1896 from the widow of Major General John Clarke, an official who had been the Commissioner in Oudh province between 1858 and 1862. |
| Bibliographic reference | Susan Stronge, Painting for the Mughal Emperor. The Art of the Book 1560-1650, V&A Publications, 2002, pl. 39, p. 59.
Sen, Geeti. Akbar Nama. Lustre Press, page 48.
Divyabhanusinh, The End of a Trail. The Cheetah in India. Oxford India Paperbacks, New Delhi 2002 (second edition), p. 52 |
| Other number | 82 - Inscription/original number |
| Collection | |
| Accession number | IS.2:2-1896 |
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| Record created | September 29, 1998 |
| Record URL |
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