These stirrups may once once formed part of an armour in the Royal Armoury, Madrid that was made in 1546, probably by the Italian armourer and goldsmith Bartolomeo Campi, of Pesaro, for Duke Guidobaldo II of Urbino. According to tradition, this ceremonial armour was presented by the duke to the Spanish emperor, Charles V.
On the exterior, a decoration of vine-leaf tendrils is damascened in gold and silver – a technique named after metalworkers in Damascus, Syria, who developed this method of decorating metalwork with gold and silver wire. This differs markedly from the interior decoration, which is in an Islamic style with arabesques and half-palmettes. It is possible that the stirrups were decorated by two goldsmiths working in collaboration. This might explain the discrepancy between the initials B.C.F. (Bartolommeo Campi Fecit) on the armour and A.C.F. on the stirrups.
From the 16th century, arms and armour were included in antiquarian and aristocratic collections to evoke associations of a medieval chivalric past. In precisely such a collection in the early 19th century, these elaborately decorated stirrups were esteemed by former owner, George Salting, as examples of goldsmiths’ work and were accordingly placed alongside bronzes and porcelains in his collection.
Physical description
Stirrups, iron damascened and overlaid with gold and silver with moresque designs.
Place of Origin
Italy (made)
Date
1546 (made)
Artist/maker
Campi, Bartolomeo (possibly, maker)
Materials and Techniques
Iron, damascened and overlaid in silver and gold
Marks and inscriptions
A.C.F.
Dimensions
Height: 17.3 cm, Width: 13.7 cm, Depth: 7 cm
Object history note
These stirrups may once have formed part of an armour in the Royal Armoury, Madrid, that was made in 1546, probably by the Italian armourer and goldsmith Bartolomeo Campi of Pesaro, for Duke Guidobaldo II of Urbino. According to tradition, this ceremonial armour was presented by the duke to the Spanish emperor, Charles V. On the exterior, a decoration of vine-leaf tendrils is damascened in gold and silver - a technique named after metalworkers in Damascus, Syria, who developed this method of decorating metalwork with gold and silver wire. This differs markedly from the interior decoration, which is in an Islamic style with arabesques and half-palmettes. It is possible that the stirrups were decorated by two goldsmiths working in collaboration. This might explain the discrepancy between the initials B.C.F. (Bartolommeo Campi Fecit) on the armour and A.C.F. on the stirrups.
The stirrups may have become separated from the armour in the 1830s when items were stolen from Madrid’s Royal Armoury and sold in Britain. They went first to the Warwick Castle collection and were later acquired by George Salting, who bequeathed them to the V&A in 1910.
From the 16th century, arms and armour were included in antiquarian and aristocratic collections to evoke associations of a medieval chivalric past. In precisely such a collection in the early 19th century, these elaborately decorated stirrups were esteemed by Salting as examples of goldsmiths’ work and were accordingly placed alongside bronzes and porcelains in his collection. After Salting’s bequest to the Museum, the stirrups became part of a collection of decorated arms and armour, interpreted in terms of design, decoration and technique, rather than in terms of function or social significance.
(Edited version of Anthony North's catalogue entry in Grand Design)
Descriptive line
Pair of iron stirrups damascened and overlaid with gold and silver; each stirrup inlaid with the initials A.C.F., Italy (Pesaro), about 1546.
Bibliographic References (Citation, Note/Abstract, NAL no)
Baker, Malcolm, and Richardson, Brenda, (eds) A Grand Design. The Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 1997: Cat no. 70, p.199 (by Anthony North)
Palace and Mosque: Islamic Art from the Middle East (London: V&A Publications, 2004)
Boccia, Lionello Giorgio and Coelho, E.T., L'arte dell'armatura in italia, Bramante, Milan, 1967, cat. 275-6
Hayward, J. F., European Armour. London: 1965, No. 23
Pyhrr, Stuart W. and Godoy, José-A., Heroic Armor of the Italian Renaissance: Filippo Negroli and his Contemporaries, Exhibition Catalogue, 08 October 1998 - 17 Januray 1999, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, p. 285
Discusses these stirrups and questions attribution to Campi and association with the Duke of Urbino's roman armour in the Royal Armoury in Madrid.
Patterson, Angus. Fashion and Armour in Renaissance Europe: Proud Lookes and Brave Attire. London: V&A Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9781851775811
See pp. 96 and 97; stirrups illustrated p. 97, pl. 90.
Davies, Glyn. Pair of Stirrups. In: Paul Williamson and Peta Motture, eds, Medieval and Renaissance Treasures, 2nd edn. London: V&A Publishing, 2010. No. 14 (p. 45).
Exhibition History
A Grand Design - The Art of the Victoria and Albert Museum (Victoria and Albert Museum 12/10/1999-16/01/2000)
Labels and date
PAIR OF STIRRUPS
Iron, damascened and encrusted with gold and silver
By Bartolommeo Campi (d.1596)
Italian (Pesaro); signed A.C F(ecit); 1546
Salting Bequest
Part of a suit of armour in the Roman style made in 1546 for the Duke Guidobaldo II of Urbino and presented by him to the Emperor Charles V. Formerly in the Royal Armoury Madrid.
Production Note
See Pyhrr, Stuart W. and Godoy, José-A., Heroic Armor of the Italian Renaissance: Filippo Negroli and his Contemporaries, (Exhibition Catalogue, 08 October 1998 - 17 Januray 1999, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, p. 285) where these stirrups are discussed and their attribution to Campi and association with the Duke of Urbino's roman armour in the Royal Armoury in Madrid are questioned.
Materials
Silver; Gold; Iron
Techniques
Inlay; Damascening
Categories
Metalwork; Arms & Armour; Transport
Collection code
MET
