Attributed to W. White (active 1819-33)
This transparency was acquired as one of a set of 12 transparencies (museum numbers P.32-43-1955), all attributed to Thomas Gainsborough RA. Ten of the transparencies are original works by Gainsborough. Two of the transparencies (museum numbers P.38-1955 and P.40-1955) were in fact added to the series some time in the early 19th century.

Landscape with a Windmill
NOT FOR ISSUE - SEE PAINTINGS SECTION; Glass; Thomas GAINSBOROUGH,RA

As this transparency is one of two added to the box in the early 19th century and is not by Gainsborough, it is not included in John Hayes "The Landscape Paintings of Thomas Gainsborough: A Critical Text and Catalogue Raisonne" (1982).

For a General Note on the series of transparencies by Gainsborough and his display box, see "History 1", under "Historical Significance".
For Provenance see "History 1", under "Object History Note".

This transparency, by an early 19th century artist, possibly W. White, shows a rough rocky and scrubby landscape filling half the lower part of the picture. Two figures are walking towards a distant windmill on the horizon line, just to the right of the centre of the picture. The compisition of this work recalls landscapes of the 19th century Norwich School of landscape painters.

Bequeathed by Ernest E. Cook through Art Fund

Provenance for P.38-1955 and P.40-1955:
[The group of ten original transparencies and the show box: purchased from Margaret Gainsborough (1752-1820) by Dr Thomas Monro (1759-1833); Monro sale, Christie's, 26 June 1833 ff., 3rd day (28 June), lot 168, bt W.White, who bequeathed it to G.W. Reid;]

The group of ten transparencies, with two additions [P.38-1955 and P.40-1955], and the show box: anon. sale [Buck Reid], Christie's, 29 March 1890, lot 132, bt in; Leopold Hirsch; Hirsch sale, Christie's, 11 May 1934, lot 104, bt Gooden and Fox for Ernest E. Cook; bequeathed to the Victoria and Albert Museum, through the National Art-Collections Fund.

Historical significance: General Note on the Gainsborough's transparency box from Hayes, cat. no. 132, p. 497:

Gainsborough was familiar with transparency painting, and had himself painted transparencies for the decoration of Bach and Abel's concert rooms in Hanover Square, London, opened in February 1775; but it seems to have been de Loutherbourg's Eidophusikon, first shown in February 1781, which inspired his own 'peep-show' for displaying his ideas for landscapes. Gainsborough's rather amateurish box [which is also in the V&A, museum number P.44-1955, illustrated in Hayes, pls 171, 172] consisted of a large storage space, containing twelve slats, to house his transparencies; a system of cords and pulleys to hoist the desired transparency into position; four slats behind this position, into anyone of which could be inserted a semi-transparent silk screen; and, at the back, five candle-holders. The spectator viewed the transparencies through a large round peep-hole, fitted with a magnifying lens, in the front of the box. The lens could be adjusted to between 25½ and 34½ inches of the projected transparency, thus producing an image with a magnification of between two-and-a-half and five times the size of the original, according to the length of adjustment. The light transmitted from the candles behind, albeit diffused through the silk screen, produced a luminosity close to that in nature impossible to achieve in oil painting on an opaque support. It is not known whether the transparencies were intended to be viewed with the painted surface facing the candle or the spectator; there is optical evidence to favour the former method, but this matter, and others connected with the box, require further investigation. Gainsborough must have painted numerous transparencies for showing in his box, but only ten survive. Two further transparencies in the V&A, P.38-1955 and P.40-1955, were painted by another artist at a later date.

This work is one of two glass transparencies added to the 10 in Gainsborough's show-box after its purchase by W. White in 1833. White may be the amateur painter of this name who exhibited landscapes at the Royal Academy in 1819-21. It is possible therefore that the two transparencies were painted by White, the amateur painter and owner of the ten original transparencies by Gainsborough.

Gainsborough used a wooden showbox to view his glass transparencies. This is one of two glass transparencies added to the ten after W. White bought the box in 1833. White may be the amateur painter of this name who exhibited landscapes at the Royal Academy in 1819 to 1821. This composition recalls landscapes of the Norwich School.

P.40-1955