This is the theatre mask of a demon, perhaps of Kishin or Oni, or even of an old woman. The large round eyes are similar to those found in certain Gigaku theatre masks, as is the full round nose. There are certain similarities with the Gigaku mask of the barbarian Konron. It is possible that the mask was intended for a particular form of drama at a provincial temple or shrine, or perhaps for a service of exorcism. The missing teeth and full face are also reminiscent of Kyogen masks of an old woman or man. Kyogen is classical comic theatre. The mask is carved from kiri wood (paulownia) in a vigorous and fluid style, with expressive features. Although no paint remains, there are traces of a red colour in the recesses around the mouth and under the nose. The carving of a Buddhist deity, perhaps Fudo Myo-O or Zao Gongen, on the forehead is most puzzling, having been somewhat sketchily scratched in. This later decoration adds some weight to the theory that the mask may have been used at some point for an exorcism ceremony.