The earliest samplers were reference works for embroiderers. They showed 'samples' of patterns and stitches and recorded how to achieve particular effects. In Europe in the 17th century samplers provided instruction and practice for girls learning needlework. This sampler of 1758 continues the tradition of stitch and pattern exercises. The use of white thread on a white ground you can see here is known as whitework. It is very skilfully made and may be the work of an older, more experienced embroiderer.