The uppers of these lady's shoes are worked in the Leghorn remaille technique, where fine straw plaits are joined edge to edge with invisible ladder stitching. This work was produced in Tuscany and was mainly used for high quality hats. However, at the height of its popularity straw plait was used to decorate almost all kinds of clothing - from bodices to parasols. The Italian-made plaits used for the shoes were probably sold as flat sheets, maybe even cut into the pattern pieces, and then assembled with various trimmings. This means that the shoe could have been made up anywhere in Europe, or even in America.