(The five-line inscription on this Jaynagar stone image of a four-armed seated goddess has been deciphered by D.C. Sircar (article mentioned below). It is written carelessly in the gaudiya (Eastern Indian) script and corrupt Sanskrit The inscription was incised during the 35th regnal year of the Pala ruler Palapala, and suggests that the sculpture was possibly donated by a Buddhist named Utakva. The name and identity of the Buddhist goddess donated is quite controversial. Also controversial is the identity of the ruler and his ruling period, who following D.C. Sircar's interpretation of the inscription is believed to be the late 12th century ruler Palapala, a follower of Govindapala. Credit goes to D.C. Sircar, the well known epigraphist, who carefully deciphered and restored this extremely corrupt text. For his reading and translation, see the Journal of the Bihar Research Society, Vol.XLI, Pt.2, 1955, pp.1-11 ("Jayagar Image Inscription of Year 35"). A detailed iconographic description of the image has been given by Claudine Bautze-Picron, who compares the image with other similar images from Bihar. Her insightful article is entitled 'Le culte de la Grande Deesse au Bihar meridional du VII au XII siecle',and was published in Supplemento n. 72 agli Annali- vol 52 (1992),pp. 1-58, Fig.36. The problem of identifying Palapala, as well as the issue of establishing the duration and period of his reign has has been discussed by Susan Huntington in her volume, "The Pala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture, Leiden, 1984, p.72. "The deity seems to have been the primitive goddess worshipped under different names in various parts of India, though she may have been associated with the Buddhist deity Hariti as well as the Brahmanical goodess Parvati with Skanda on her lap." see D.C. Sircar, Three Incriptions from Lagudar, Ep Ind XXVIII, 1958.pp. 137-145. "In our image, the presence of Ganesha, a makara standard and a piece of sugarcane at the proper right below are quite significant" (Gouriswar Bhattacharya, 13 July 2006).)