Altarpiece or Shrine thumbnail 1
On display

Altarpiece or Shrine

ca.1000 (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

This bronze sculpture may be a portable image commissioned by a Jain layman or laymen for presentation to the temple. The central figure is a ‘Jina’ (salvation-teacher). His identity is not immediately apparent because there is no distinguishing symbol on the throne base. What we can see at the base of the moulding is a ‘dharmachakra’, a Buddhist symbol representing the ‘wheel of law’, flanked by elephants and lions.
The enthroned central figure is seated in padmasana (lotus posture) and has inset silver eyes. The srivatsa emblem on his chest marks him as one ‘beloved of fortune’. He is flanked by two further Jinas standing in kayotsarga, or ‘body abandonment’ posture, making this a trithirtha image. They in turn are flanked by yakshas (minor deities or earth-spirits) bearing fly-whisks. There are kneeling devotees below the throne. Projecting from the base are the yaksha Gomedha and yakshi Ambika, the attendant deities associated with Neminatha. The back plate is embellished with flying garland bearers.
The garments worn by the Jinas indicate that the patrons (and recipient temple) were followers of the Shvetambara ‘White-Clad’ sect. Many icons of this kind can be seen today adorning the inner sanctuaries of Jain temples or stored in temple strong rooms. Many bear donor inscriptions, usually dated.This altarpiece, surprisingly for an image of this importance, does not.

Object details

Categories
Object type
Materials and techniques
Bronze-copper alloy
Brief description
Altarpiece with three Jinas (Tritirtha), bronze, Gujarat, ca.1000.
Physical description
The identity of the central Jina is not immediately apparent, the image having no distinguishing symbol on the throne base. The dharmachakra can be seen at the base of the throne molding, flanked by elephants and lions. The enthroned central figure is seated in padmasana, or lotus posture, and has inset silver eyes. The srivatsa emblem on his chest marks him as one "beloved of fortune". He is flanked by two further Jinas standing in kayotsarga, or body abandonment posture, making this a trithirtha image. They in turn are flanked by flywhisk-bearing yakshas. There are kneeling devotees below the throne and projecting from the base are the yaksha Gomedha and yakshi Ambika, the attendant deities associated with Neminatha. The backplate is embellished with flying garland bearers.
Dimensions
  • Height: 25cm
  • Width: 23cm
  • Depth: 19.5cm
Gallery label
(25/09/2000)
ALTARPIECE WITH
THREE JINAS (tritirthi)
Copper alloy with silver
inlay
Gujarat, Western India
c.1000


IS.10.1968
(06/06/2011)
Jain Altarpiece
About 1000

Jains worship twenty-four saviours or Jinas (spiritual victors).
Through their exemplary lives these Jinas show the way
to liberation from the cycle of life, death and rebirth. Here
a meditating Jina is flanked by two others standing in the
kayotsarga or‘body-abandonment’posture.Their sacred
status is shown by the celestial figures bearing garlands and
flywhisks.

Copper alloy with silver inlay
Western India (Gujarat)

Museum no. IS.10-1968

Object history
Portable images of this scale were usually commissioned by members of the Jain laity and presented to their temples. The garments indicate that the patrons (and recipient temple) were followers of the Svetambara (White Clad) sect. Many such images can be seen today adorning the inner sanctuaries of Jain temples or stored in temple strong rooms. Many bear dedicatory inscriptions, often dated, though this alterpiece does not.
U.P.Shah, who much admired this image, attributed it to ca. 1000 A.D.
Subjects depicted
Summary
This bronze sculpture may be a portable image commissioned by a Jain layman or laymen for presentation to the temple. The central figure is a ‘Jina’ (salvation-teacher). His identity is not immediately apparent because there is no distinguishing symbol on the throne base. What we can see at the base of the moulding is a ‘dharmachakra’, a Buddhist symbol representing the ‘wheel of law’, flanked by elephants and lions.
The enthroned central figure is seated in padmasana (lotus posture) and has inset silver eyes. The srivatsa emblem on his chest marks him as one ‘beloved of fortune’. He is flanked by two further Jinas standing in kayotsarga, or ‘body abandonment’ posture, making this a trithirtha image. They in turn are flanked by yakshas (minor deities or earth-spirits) bearing fly-whisks. There are kneeling devotees below the throne. Projecting from the base are the yaksha Gomedha and yakshi Ambika, the attendant deities associated with Neminatha. The back plate is embellished with flying garland bearers.
The garments worn by the Jinas indicate that the patrons (and recipient temple) were followers of the Shvetambara ‘White-Clad’ sect. Many icons of this kind can be seen today adorning the inner sanctuaries of Jain temples or stored in temple strong rooms. Many bear donor inscriptions, usually dated.This altarpiece, surprisingly for an image of this importance, does not.
Bibliographic references
  • Pal, Pratapaditya Dr. (Ed.) The Peaceful Liberators: Jain Art from India, New York and London, Los Angeles County Museum of Art and V&A, 1995 Guy, John, p.148
  • Willis, M. (ed.) India: the Art of the Temple, Shanghai Museum, 2010 pp.222-3, Cat.3:5
  • Guy, John Indian temple sculpture . London: V&A Publications, 2007 p.116, pl.129
  • L'escultura en el temples indis : l'art de la devoció : exposició organitzada per la Fundació "La Caixa" i el Victoria & Albert Museum, Londres. [Barcelona: Obra social, Fundació "la Caixa", c2007 Number: 9788476649466 p.182, Cat.142
  • Ayers, J. Oriental Art in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London 1983, ISBN 0-85667-120-7 p.65
  • Irwin, John; Indian Art: Victoria & Albert Museum departmental guide, H.M.S.O. ISBN 0 905209117, 1978 fig. 8, p.9
Collection
Accession number
IS.10-1968

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Record createdMay 17, 2001
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