Box

+4
images

Not on display

Artist/Maker	Unknown
Place of origin	Italy (made)

Gilt-boxes, decorated with scented lead-based paste (pasta di muschio) and illustrated with biblical or classical legends, were popular throughout Italy between about 1470 and 1570. This example includes the stories of David and Goliath and Marcus Curtius, who sacrificed his own life in order to stop an earthquake in Rome, by plunging with his horse into a chasm, which promptly closed up over him and ceased the quake. Jules Soulages (1803–1856), a lawyer from Toulouse and the leading collector of Italian Renaissance items in his day, once owned this box, which was bought by the Museum in 1859, some two years after being exhibited with other items if his at Marlborough House, between December 1856 and January 1857.

Object details

Categories	Containers Woodwork Medieval and Renaissance
Object type	Box
Materials and techniques	Wood (possibly alder or poplar) with moulded white lead <i>pasta di muschio</i> decoration, gilded Gold Leaf Gesso White Lead Joining Gilded Carved Moulding
Brief description	Gilt box with moulded white lead pasta di muschio decoration, Italy, ca. 1510
Physical description	Pastiglia box or casket with scenes from Roman History: (1, front) Marcus Curtius leaping into the gulf; (II, right side) the musician Arion jumping overboard (?); (III, back) the young David holding the severed head of Goliath before a crowd rejoicing and music-making; (IV, left side) two soldiers, each mounted on an elephant, fighting, while a third, with a large branch in hand seems to spur on the beasts. The lid with a central boss handle. The design depiects a garland; at centre two masks stflanked by harpies. Four flat, round feet. Fitted with a sprung brass catch (later addition). Gilded fields with stippled punchmarks. The inside is fully lined with printed decorative paper (with green colouring) which is probably continental (possibly German) c1700-50. Construction Nailed, butted boards, the bottom board nailed up. The lid attached with two wire ring hinges. With moulded, applied white paste ornament on a textured, gilded background. Water gilded on a reddish bole. Condition Various small losses of paste ornament
Dimensions	Height: 10.2cm Width: 16cm Depth: 10.2cm Dimensions taken from departmental catalogue. Not checked on object
Style	Renaissance
Production type	Unique
Gallery label	(1984-1985) Small display curated by James Yorke, gallery 126, 1984-1985 The lid has a decoration, characteristic of the Moral and Love Themes workshop; the pinnacle, with tear-drop motifs, bearded masks and harpies framed in a rectangular laurel wreath and an outer border with an interlacing pattern somewhat worn. Seraphim are placed at the four corners, something which occurs on box no. 82-1890. On the front is the sacrifice of the Manlius Curtius, on the back David with the head of Goliath, on the left side Roman soldiers battling with elephants, recalling the stories of Pyrrhus or Hannibal, and on the right a figure in the sea between two ships, possibly Palinarus, Aeneas’ helmsman, who drowned. The composition is similar to the one on box no. 1566-1855. Gesticulating elders and standard bearing soldiers, although there are fewer of them, are very much in evidence, and the same treatment of the crowd scene is to be found on the “David” on the back. The equestrian Manlus Porquatus, deriving from a Briosco plaquette, is repeated on other boxes, The viola da mano playing women, celebrating David’s triumph, are an adaptation of Europa’s sisters or the lamenting Thisbe. The left hand scene depicts stylized elephants, knights (or in this case, mahuts) deriving from equestrian battle scenes and the frequently represented youthful soldier, waving a branch. The box is supported by flattened ball feet, with floral decoration and four nails on the bottom help hold the box together. The box is lined with eighteenth century printed paper. (pre October 2000) CASKET ITALIAN; about 1490 Stucco work on a gilt ground.
Object history	Part of the Soulages Collection, purchased for 3l.
Historical context	Comparable objects See Pastiglia Boxes, hidden treasures of the Italian Renaissance (Cofanetti in Pastiglia), catalogue from the exhibition Pastiglia Boxes: hidden treasures of the Italian Renaissance from the collection of Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome: Lowe Art Museum, Miami, Feb. 13 - April 28, 2002, eg cat. VI, VIII, IX, X, XI
Production	This item is attributed by Patrick de Winter (see references) to the Workshop of Moral and Love themes.
Subjects depicted	Marcus Curtius David and Goliath Arion and the Dolphin
Summary	Gilt-boxes, decorated with scented lead-based paste (pasta di muschio) and illustrated with biblical or classical legends, were popular throughout Italy between about 1470 and 1570. This example includes the stories of David and Goliath and Marcus Curtius, who sacrificed his own life in order to stop an earthquake in Rome, by plunging with his horse into a chasm, which promptly closed up over him and ceased the quake. Jules Soulages (1803–1856), a lawyer from Toulouse and the leading collector of Italian Renaissance items in his day, once owned this box, which was bought by the Museum in 1859, some two years after being exhibited with other items if his at Marlborough House, between December 1856 and January 1857.
Bibliographic references	Patrick de Winter: "A little-known creation of Renaissance decorative arts: the white lead pastigilia box", Saggi e Memorie di Storia dell' Arte, 14 (1984), pp. 9 - 131. Cat. no. 59, pl. 22 Maya Corry; Deborah Howard; Mary Laven, Madonnas and Miracles: The Holy Home in Renaissance Italy (Philip Wilson Publishers and the Fitzwilliam Museum 2017), plate 21, p.17-18, p. 176 'Small boxes were also common courtship and marriage gifts. Depicting a variety of mythological, classical and religious designs, the imagery on caskets was meant both to offer entertainment and to serve as moral reminders to the box's owner. The sicles of a pavilion-topped yellow cofanetto (little box) (plate 21) are embellished with raised white pastiglia (paste) decoration, also named pasta di muschio (musk paste) after the scent added to the substance, which may have emitted a pleasant aroma when touched, adding a sensory experience when handling it. [note 6] The various sides of the box depict a legend from ancient Roman history, a chivalric scene of knights in battle, and the Old Testament story of the legendary fight between David and Goliath. lt shows the moment when the underdog, the young David, triumphantly lifts the severed head of the gigantic Philistine warrior. Images from the Old Testament like the scene of David and Goliath on the cofanettoprovided families with aesthetically pleasing, entertaining images and examples of virtue. [note 7] Boxes decorated with religious imagery often held jewellery with spiritual significance. The fifteenth-century preacher Bernardino of Siena suggested that a woman should remember that her 'beauty and fine grace are given to her by God, if only she uses them well ... [she should] be adorned and delicate, but with discretion in all things, and modestly'. [note 8] Bernardino also encouraged women to lessen the time they spent at their toilette saying 'if they spent as much of it on their soul as they do on beautifying their bodies, they would turn into Saint Catharine'. [note 9]
Collection	Furniture and Woodwork Collection
Accession number	5625-1859

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Record created	May 1, 2001
Record URL	https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O58630/box-unknown/

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