bowl thumbnail 1
Not currently on display at the V&A

bowl

Bowl
early 13th century (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

Bell-metal bowl, with a rib formed from double bevelling framed by raised fillets encirling the top, above which is a vertical rim.

The external decoration:

The engraved and partly inlaid decorative patterns are arranged in a series of concentric bands leading down to the roundel on the underside.
From the top, around the vertical rim is a foliate scroll, on a hatched ground divided into six sections by undecorated roundels, and framed by two incised fillets.

Immediately below the rib, is a band of guilloche, and then the main epigraphic band with borders. The epigraphic frieze is divided into four sections, the intervals decorated with copper-inlaid rosettes which knot to form a cross pattern at their centre. The roundels' frames interlock with bands that frame the inscription.
The tall characters stand on a stippled ground of foliate scrolls. The Kufic script is plaited and animated with lions' heads, a dragons' heads and human faces.
Beneath, is a band of foliate scrolls with borders.

In the lower border twelve roundels, their circular frames interlacing with the two bands of the border and multiple knots separating them, enclose the signs of the Zodiac:
1. Aries: a goat in repose
2. Taurus: a humped bull walking to the left
3. Gemini: two human-faced birds
4. Cancer: a crab approaching a human-faced solar disc.
5. Leo: a feline looking back
6. Virgo: a cross-legged figure holding two ears of corn with outstretched hands
7. Libra: a cross-legged figure sitting behind the horizontal bar of a steelyard and steadying the chains holding two bowl-shaped trays
8. Scorpio: a scorpion, its tail curving to the right
9. Sagittarius: a siren shooting her bow at the monster-head which terminated her own knotted tail
10. Capricorn: an ibex with long curving horns, in repose
11. Aquarius: a man pulling a bucket out of a well. The chain goes over a pulley.
12. Pisces: two inverted curving fishes

On the underside a frieze of running animals frames, two hares and four dogs on a scrolling ground, frame a roundel enclosing symetrical knotted patterns.

The internal decoration:

On the upper rim six epigraphic sections are widely spaced with knotted foliate scrolls.
Below, an epigraphic frieze is framed by two plain bands edged with pearl borders and , enclosed by twin fillets. Below that, upward pointing interlocked arches are tipped with pointed bud and circular side lobes.
Further down, twelve engraved fishes framed by twin fillets swim against a stippled ground of foliate scrolls. Another epigraphic band frames the central rossette which in essence is a double Star-of-Solomon pattern.

Patina: predominantly ashy black, and pale lunar yellow hue of the alloy coming through on the much-rubbed underside and on the inner surface of the walls.


Object details

Categories
Object type
Titlebowl (generic title)
Materials and techniques
Bell-metal, cast with engraved champlevé decoration, partly inlaid with silver and copper
Brief description
Bell metal bowl, cast, turned, engraved and inlaid with silver and copper with signs of the zodiac. Part of the inscription is animated, Iran (Khorasan), 13th century.
Physical description
Bell-metal bowl, with a rib formed from double bevelling framed by raised fillets encirling the top, above which is a vertical rim.

The external decoration:

The engraved and partly inlaid decorative patterns are arranged in a series of concentric bands leading down to the roundel on the underside.
From the top, around the vertical rim is a foliate scroll, on a hatched ground divided into six sections by undecorated roundels, and framed by two incised fillets.

Immediately below the rib, is a band of guilloche, and then the main epigraphic band with borders. The epigraphic frieze is divided into four sections, the intervals decorated with copper-inlaid rosettes which knot to form a cross pattern at their centre. The roundels' frames interlock with bands that frame the inscription.
The tall characters stand on a stippled ground of foliate scrolls. The Kufic script is plaited and animated with lions' heads, a dragons' heads and human faces.
Beneath, is a band of foliate scrolls with borders.

In the lower border twelve roundels, their circular frames interlacing with the two bands of the border and multiple knots separating them, enclose the signs of the Zodiac:
1. Aries: a goat in repose
2. Taurus: a humped bull walking to the left
3. Gemini: two human-faced birds
4. Cancer: a crab approaching a human-faced solar disc.
5. Leo: a feline looking back
6. Virgo: a cross-legged figure holding two ears of corn with outstretched hands
7. Libra: a cross-legged figure sitting behind the horizontal bar of a steelyard and steadying the chains holding two bowl-shaped trays
8. Scorpio: a scorpion, its tail curving to the right
9. Sagittarius: a siren shooting her bow at the monster-head which terminated her own knotted tail
10. Capricorn: an ibex with long curving horns, in repose
11. Aquarius: a man pulling a bucket out of a well. The chain goes over a pulley.
12. Pisces: two inverted curving fishes

On the underside a frieze of running animals frames, two hares and four dogs on a scrolling ground, frame a roundel enclosing symetrical knotted patterns.

The internal decoration:

On the upper rim six epigraphic sections are widely spaced with knotted foliate scrolls.
Below, an epigraphic frieze is framed by two plain bands edged with pearl borders and , enclosed by twin fillets. Below that, upward pointing interlocked arches are tipped with pointed bud and circular side lobes.
Further down, twelve engraved fishes framed by twin fillets swim against a stippled ground of foliate scrolls. Another epigraphic band frames the central rossette which in essence is a double Star-of-Solomon pattern.

Patina: predominantly ashy black, and pale lunar yellow hue of the alloy coming through on the much-rubbed underside and on the inner surface of the walls.
Dimensions
  • Height: 11.3cm
  • Of body diameter: 22.2 - 22.5cm
  • Of opening diameter: 21.1cm
  • Weight: 1.6kg (nifill)
Style
Marks and inscriptions
  • (Persian; Kufic; outer epigraphic frieze; engraved)
    Translation
    Divine grace and..
  • (kufic; inner upper inscription)
    Translation
    With bliss and divine grace, with bliss and divine grace, with bliss and divine grace and, with bliss and divine grace and, and and with divine grace and, with bliss and divine grace.
  • (naskhi; lower epigraphic frieze)
    Translation
    Lasting might, auspicious fate, good frotune, spiritual integrity, bliss, thankfulness [to God], that which brings thankfulness, prophetic intercession, that which brings intercession, God's favour,....., lasting life to its owner.
  • (kufic; third and last inner epigraphic band)
    Translation
    With divine grace and divine grace and divine grace and divine grace and divine grace and divine grace and divine grace and divine grace and godliness.
Gallery label
BOWL Bell-metal, cast with engraved champleve decoration, partly inlaid with silver and copper. On the lower border are engraved the signs of the Zodiac. This bowl is the finest example of its style and period to survive. Khorasan: 13th century BOWL. Bronze, damascened with silver and copper. SARACENIC (MOSUL); 13th CENTURY. M. 388-1911. BOWL. Light bronze, engraved and inlaid with silver and copper, part of the inscription being in "animal-headed" script. PERSIAN; 12th century. M. 388-1911. See Adolf Grahmann, Die Bronzeschale M. 388-1911 in Victoria and Albert Museum, in Aus der Welt der islamischen Kunst, Festschrift für Ernst Kühnel zum 75 Geburstag (Berlin, 1959), pp. 1250138.(Used until 11/2003)
Object history
Purchased for £40 from Mr L Blumenreich, 83 Dartmouth Road, Brondesbury, N.W., 27 January 1911.
Purchased as central Asian.

Historical significance: No other pre-Safavid bowl has any engraved decoration on the inner surface of its walls, according to Melikian-Chirvani, 1982 p. 95.

Also according to Melikian-Chirvani, 1982, p.95 - In this style and period, the V&A bowl is, by far, the finest piece in the world.
Subject depicted
Bibliographic references
  • Melikian-Chirvani, A.S. Islamic Metalwork from the Islamic World, London:HMSO, 1982, p94-96, ISBN 0 11 290252 9
  • Grohmann, A. 'Die Bronzeschale M.388 - 1911 im Victoria and Albert Museum' in R. Ettinghausen, ed., Aus der Welt der islamischen Kunst, Berlin, 1959, pp.125-38, 15 figures.
  • Baer, E. Sphinxes and Harpies in Medieval Islamic Art, Jerusalem, 1965, pl. LIII, fig.94, showing Taurus and Gemini; see pp. 69, 75.
  • Melikian-Chirvani, A.S. 'Les Bronzes du Khorassan' in Studia Iranica, 3, 1974. I, pp.43-5, fig.16, pl. XIII
  • Al Khemir, Sabiha, Beauty and Belief. Crossing Bridges with the Arts of Islamic Culture, (Brigham Young University of Art, 2012), ISBN: 9780842528115
Collection
Accession number
M.388-1911

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Record createdApril 20, 2000
Record URL
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