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The Crucifixion

Diptych Leaf
ca. 1350-1375 (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

This ivory panel constitutes the right leaf of a diptych. Jesus Christ is shown on the cross with, on the left, the Virgin Mary supported by one of the Maries and another standing by and on the right, St. John and two Jews. The group are surmounted by a triple arched canopy and there are two holes pierced between the canopies.
This leaf follow some of the most common diptych forms of the fourteenths century, and numerous examples survive. The left leaf almost certainly represented the standing Virgin and Child, probably flanked by candle-bearing angels and possibly saints. The composition of the Crucifixion theme itself is based on types developed in the first half on the fourteenth century in Parisian diptychs. More limited in number, however, are diptychs where the composition of the Crucifixion scene exactly mirrors the present example, with the Virgin collapsing in twisted posture, her hands splayed, while being supported from behind, while John raises his right hand.

The devotional diptych is in many ways the object type most associated with the notion of Gothic ivory carving. The earliest examples probably date to the 1240s; these are complex, large and ambitious works that emerged, somewhat surprisingly, with no obvious precursors. The owners of ivory diptychs sometimes appear within their images. Such portraits indicate that they were special requests on the part of their commissioners, and they parallel the similar figures that appear in manuscripts and panel paintings of the period. The iconography of Gothic diptychs oscillated between two poles. The first of which is the desire to present narratives (Life of Christ and Virgin Mary) for envisaging. The second was the use of non-narrative images to form the focus of devotion.


Object details

Categories
Object type
TitleThe Crucifixion (generic title)
Materials and techniques
Elphant ivory
Brief description
Ditych leaf, right, ivory, the Crucifixion, probably Mosan or German, ca. 1350-1375
Physical description
Leaf of a diptych, ivory. The Crucifixion to the left, to the right, St John and two Jews. There are the remains of the hinges on the left side. Two holes are pierced between the canopies.
The Virgin collapses in grief with her arms splayed, and is supported from behind by two of the holy women, one of whom has her arms around Mary's waist. To the right St John the Evangelist holds a book in his left hand and gestures upwards with his right; behind John stand the two Jews, bearded and with characteristic headgear, one holding a scroll. The scene takes place under an arcade of three of three trefoil arches on corbels, each arch with a crocketed gable topped with a foliate finial. At the top of then leaf is a stepped and beaded moulding.
Dimensions
  • Height: 7.9cm
  • Width: 5.6cm
Credit line
Bequeathed by Mrs Gilbertson in memory of her husband, Canon Gilbertson.
Object history
In the Collection of Canon Lewis Gilbertson, Rector of St Martin's Church, Ludgate Hill, London, by 1928; bequeathed by Mrs Gilbertson (d. 1940) in memory of her husband, 1940.
Subjects depicted
Summary
This ivory panel constitutes the right leaf of a diptych. Jesus Christ is shown on the cross with, on the left, the Virgin Mary supported by one of the Maries and another standing by and on the right, St. John and two Jews. The group are surmounted by a triple arched canopy and there are two holes pierced between the canopies.
This leaf follow some of the most common diptych forms of the fourteenths century, and numerous examples survive. The left leaf almost certainly represented the standing Virgin and Child, probably flanked by candle-bearing angels and possibly saints. The composition of the Crucifixion theme itself is based on types developed in the first half on the fourteenth century in Parisian diptychs. More limited in number, however, are diptychs where the composition of the Crucifixion scene exactly mirrors the present example, with the Virgin collapsing in twisted posture, her hands splayed, while being supported from behind, while John raises his right hand.

The devotional diptych is in many ways the object type most associated with the notion of Gothic ivory carving. The earliest examples probably date to the 1240s; these are complex, large and ambitious works that emerged, somewhat surprisingly, with no obvious precursors. The owners of ivory diptychs sometimes appear within their images. Such portraits indicate that they were special requests on the part of their commissioners, and they parallel the similar figures that appear in manuscripts and panel paintings of the period. The iconography of Gothic diptychs oscillated between two poles. The first of which is the desire to present narratives (Life of Christ and Virgin Mary) for envisaging. The second was the use of non-narrative images to form the focus of devotion.
Bibliographic references
  • Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014 part 1, pp. 294-295
  • Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014, part 1, pp. 294-295, cat. no. 97
Collection
Accession number
A.25-1940

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Record createdJune 24, 2009
Record URL
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