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Image of Gallery in South Kensington
On display at V&A South Kensington
Silver, Room 66, The Whiteley Galleries

Spoon


This is an example of a type of spoon described as a 'trefid' pattern, so-called after the way the end of the stem is split into three sections. The design is completely different to that of earlier spoons made in England, and is almost certainly inspired by contemporary examples from the Continent, particularly France. Goldsmiths' Company court minutes from the 1660s refer to 'French fashion spoons', which probably looked similar to this one. This new fashion meant the finial of the spoon was designed so that the spoon cpuld be placed on the table with its open bowl down (the opposite of how it would be placed on the table today). This is why the initials of the original owners are engraved on what we would now think of as the back of the spoon. The stamped decoration on the finial and bowl is achieved by hammering the spoon into a die in which the decoration has been cut. Spoons of this form decorated in this way are known as 'lace back' trefids, and they are perhaps the commonest type of decorated trefid. Lawrence Coles, whose mark appears on this spoon, specialised in spoon-making and was occasionally fined by the Goldsmiths' Company for bringing spoons and forks to assay that were below the required standard of purity.


Object details

Object type
Materials and techniques
Brief description
Spoon, silver, English (London), 1679-1680; mark of Lawrence Coles
Dimensions
  • Tip of bowl to tip of finial length: 18.5cm
  • Weight: 45.4g
Marks and inscriptions
  • On back of spoon stem, L to R from bowl: Maker's mark of Lawrence Coles (Jackson, p. 129); leopard's head crowned, the mark of the London assay office; lion passant, the mark for sterling standard silver; date-letter 'b' in a shield, for the assay year 1679-1680.
  • Engraved on the back of the finial, two sets of initials: 'A F' above 'E P'.
Gallery label
Trifid end London Hallmark 1679-80 Maker's mark, LC crowned above crescent W.T. Johnson Bequest
Credit line
W. T. Johnson Bequest
Summary
This is an example of a type of spoon described as a 'trefid' pattern, so-called after the way the end of the stem is split into three sections. The design is completely different to that of earlier spoons made in England, and is almost certainly inspired by contemporary examples from the Continent, particularly France. Goldsmiths' Company court minutes from the 1660s refer to 'French fashion spoons', which probably looked similar to this one. This new fashion meant the finial of the spoon was designed so that the spoon cpuld be placed on the table with its open bowl down (the opposite of how it would be placed on the table today). This is why the initials of the original owners are engraved on what we would now think of as the back of the spoon. The stamped decoration on the finial and bowl is achieved by hammering the spoon into a die in which the decoration has been cut. Spoons of this form decorated in this way are known as 'lace back' trefids, and they are perhaps the commonest type of decorated trefid. Lawrence Coles, whose mark appears on this spoon, specialised in spoon-making and was occasionally fined by the Goldsmiths' Company for bringing spoons and forks to assay that were below the required standard of purity.
Bibliographic references
  • Bradbury's book of hallmarks: a guide to marks of origin on English, Scottish and Irish silver, gold and platinum and on foreign imported silver and gold plate 1544 to 1992, Old Sheffield plate makers' marks, 1743-1860, originally compiled by Frederick Bradbury. New ed., rev. Sheffield: J.W. Northend Ltd., 1991. ISBN: 0901100285
  • Jackson's Silver & Gold Marks of England, Scotland & Ireland, ed. Ian Pickford. Woodbridge: Antique Collectors' Club, 1989. Third edition, revised. ISBN 0907462634
  • Kent, Timothy Arthur. London Silver Spoonmakers 1500 to 1697. London: The Silver Society, 1981
  • Schroder, Timothy. British and Continental Gold and Silver in the Ashmolean Museum. 3 vols. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 2009. ISBN 9781854442208
  • Snodin, Michael. English Silver Spoons. London: Charles Letts, 1974. ISBN 850971101
Collection
Accession number
M.1786-1944

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Record createdJune 24, 2009
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