Shrine thumbnail 1
Shrine thumbnail 2
+7
images
Image of Gallery in South Kensington
On display at V&A South Kensington
South Asian Sculpture, Room 47b

Shrine

early 20th century (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

This shrine would have been used to contain an image of a Jina or Jain saviour. The twenty-four Jinas venerated by the Jains are also known as Tirthankaras or ford-makers. The figures on the pillars carrying fly-whisks reflect the intended presence of the image of a sacred being. The shrine would probably have been made for a caumukha or four-faced Jina, composed of four Jinas placed back-to-back, each one facing outward towards an open archway. Such images were used in full-size Jain temples in the four-doored, caturmukha plan with the Jinas facing in the cardinal directions. This small shrine would have been used either for a domestic altar in a wealthy home, or perhaps more likely, in a Jain temple. This shape is recommended for use in domestic shrines by a Jain text, and it is also seen in portable shrines, although wood is the preferred material for these.
The celestial dancers, flywhisk bearers, elephants and cusped arches springing from the mouths of monsters are all common features of Jain temples and shrines. The flywhisk bearers indicate the intended presence of the image of a sacred being and the use of silver inlay reflects the care lavished on the ornamental detail of this example. The detachable roof section, however, is much plainer in style. It fits perfectly into the space in the main shrine, though, so it was clearly made for this shrine, although it is not known whether it may have been a replacement for an earlier roof.


Object details

Category
Object type
Parts
This object consists of 2 parts.

  • Shrine
  • Shrine Roof
Materials and techniques
Copper alloy, cast, with silver inlay
Brief description
Jain shrine in the form of a model of a mandapa or pillared hall, copper alloy with silver inlay, western India, possibly early 20th century.
Physical description
Jain shrine in the shape of a model of a square, pillared hall. The hall is composed of four pillars, each linked at the base by a thin, stepped and indented but nearly circular bronze ring and, at the top, by cusped arches springing from the jaws of a highly stylised makara or aquatic monster and a roof, on each corner of which stands an elephant. The upper part of the roof, which is star-shaped with several tiers rises to a pointed finial summit, is detachable and is much simpler in style than the main part of the shrine, lacking its elaborate ornamentation, yet fits exactly into the space made for it in the top of the lower section of the roof on the main part. In the main part of the shrine on each of the two outer faces of each column there is a figure of a flywhisk bearer low down, a diamond shape above him with an inscription in devanagari above that and, at the top, a female dancer, totalling eight flywhisk bearers, eight diamonds, eight inscriptions and eight dancers. There are also garland bearers at the corners of the arches. The eyes of the flywhisk bearers and the elephants on the roof have been inlaid with silver, and there is also a small piece of silver inlay in the middle of each of the diamond shapes on the outer faces of the pillars.
Dimensions
  • Height: 37.5cm
  • Width: 26cm
  • Depth: 26.5cm
Tangs below the pillars locate in a non-historical wooden base, which increases the height
Marks and inscriptions
(Inscriptions in devanagari, not yet read)
Gallery label
  • Shrine for a Jain Saviour Probably about 1900–20 This small shrine would have been used in a Jain temple, or possibly on a domestic altar in a wealthy home. It would have held a single Jina or a composite image of four Jinas, each one facing outwards towards an open archway.The quality of the casting shows it to be a particularly fine example of Jain sculpture. Copper alloy with silver inlay Western India (Gujarat) Given by John and Fausta Eskenazi in honour of John Guy Museum no. IS.175-2007 (06/06/2011)
  • SHRINE FOR A JAIN SAVIOUR Copper alloy with silver inlay Gujarat, western India Early 20th century IS.175-2007 Given by John and Fausta Eskenazi in honour of John Guy This shrine would have been used to contain an image of a Jina or Jain saviour. The twenty-four Jinas venerated by the Jains are also known as Tirthankaras or ford-makers. The figures on the pillars carrying fly-whisks reflect the intended presence of the image of a sacred being.(April 2008)
Credit line
Given by John and Fausta Eskenazi in honour of John Guy
Object history
Jain shrine for domestic or temple use. The upper roof section is plainer in style than the main shrine and may conceivably have been a replacement for an earlier piece.
Production
possibly early 20th century
Summary
This shrine would have been used to contain an image of a Jina or Jain saviour. The twenty-four Jinas venerated by the Jains are also known as Tirthankaras or ford-makers. The figures on the pillars carrying fly-whisks reflect the intended presence of the image of a sacred being. The shrine would probably have been made for a caumukha or four-faced Jina, composed of four Jinas placed back-to-back, each one facing outward towards an open archway. Such images were used in full-size Jain temples in the four-doored, caturmukha plan with the Jinas facing in the cardinal directions. This small shrine would have been used either for a domestic altar in a wealthy home, or perhaps more likely, in a Jain temple. This shape is recommended for use in domestic shrines by a Jain text, and it is also seen in portable shrines, although wood is the preferred material for these.
The celestial dancers, flywhisk bearers, elephants and cusped arches springing from the mouths of monsters are all common features of Jain temples and shrines. The flywhisk bearers indicate the intended presence of the image of a sacred being and the use of silver inlay reflects the care lavished on the ornamental detail of this example. The detachable roof section, however, is much plainer in style. It fits perfectly into the space in the main shrine, though, so it was clearly made for this shrine, although it is not known whether it may have been a replacement for an earlier roof.
Bibliographic reference
Jain, Jyotindra, and Fischer, Eberhard. Jaina Iconography. Iconography of Religions XIII, 13. Leiden : E.J. Brill, 1978. ISBN 9004052593 and 9004052615. Part II, pp. 14, 17, plates XXIII and XXV.
Collection
Accession number
IS.175:1, 2-2007

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Record createdNovember 18, 2008
Record URL
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