Shrine
early 20th century (made)
Artist/Maker | |
Place of origin |
This shrine would have been used to contain an image of a Jina or Jain saviour. The twenty-four Jinas venerated by the Jains are also known as Tirthankaras or ford-makers. The figures on the pillars carrying fly-whisks reflect the intended presence of the image of a sacred being. The shrine would probably have been made for a caumukha or four-faced Jina, composed of four Jinas placed back-to-back, each one facing outward towards an open archway. Such images were used in full-size Jain temples in the four-doored, caturmukha plan with the Jinas facing in the cardinal directions. This small shrine would have been used either for a domestic altar in a wealthy home, or perhaps more likely, in a Jain temple. This shape is recommended for use in domestic shrines by a Jain text, and it is also seen in portable shrines, although wood is the preferred material for these.
The celestial dancers, flywhisk bearers, elephants and cusped arches springing from the mouths of monsters are all common features of Jain temples and shrines. The flywhisk bearers indicate the intended presence of the image of a sacred being and the use of silver inlay reflects the care lavished on the ornamental detail of this example. The detachable roof section, however, is much plainer in style. It fits perfectly into the space in the main shrine, though, so it was clearly made for this shrine, although it is not known whether it may have been a replacement for an earlier roof.
The celestial dancers, flywhisk bearers, elephants and cusped arches springing from the mouths of monsters are all common features of Jain temples and shrines. The flywhisk bearers indicate the intended presence of the image of a sacred being and the use of silver inlay reflects the care lavished on the ornamental detail of this example. The detachable roof section, however, is much plainer in style. It fits perfectly into the space in the main shrine, though, so it was clearly made for this shrine, although it is not known whether it may have been a replacement for an earlier roof.
Object details
Category | |
Object type | |
Parts | This object consists of 2 parts.
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Materials and techniques | Copper alloy, cast, with silver inlay |
Brief description | Jain shrine in the form of a model of a mandapa or pillared hall, copper alloy with silver inlay, western India, possibly early 20th century. |
Physical description | Jain shrine in the shape of a model of a square, pillared hall. The hall is composed of four pillars, each linked at the base by a thin, stepped and indented but nearly circular bronze ring and, at the top, by cusped arches springing from the jaws of a highly stylised makara or aquatic monster and a roof, on each corner of which stands an elephant. The upper part of the roof, which is star-shaped with several tiers rises to a pointed finial summit, is detachable and is much simpler in style than the main part of the shrine, lacking its elaborate ornamentation, yet fits exactly into the space made for it in the top of the lower section of the roof on the main part. In the main part of the shrine on each of the two outer faces of each column there is a figure of a flywhisk bearer low down, a diamond shape above him with an inscription in devanagari above that and, at the top, a female dancer, totalling eight flywhisk bearers, eight diamonds, eight inscriptions and eight dancers. There are also garland bearers at the corners of the arches. The eyes of the flywhisk bearers and the elephants on the roof have been inlaid with silver, and there is also a small piece of silver inlay in the middle of each of the diamond shapes on the outer faces of the pillars. |
Dimensions |
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Marks and inscriptions | (Inscriptions in devanagari, not yet read) |
Gallery label |
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Credit line | Given by John and Fausta Eskenazi in honour of John Guy |
Object history | Jain shrine for domestic or temple use. The upper roof section is plainer in style than the main shrine and may conceivably have been a replacement for an earlier piece. |
Production | possibly early 20th century |
Summary | This shrine would have been used to contain an image of a Jina or Jain saviour. The twenty-four Jinas venerated by the Jains are also known as Tirthankaras or ford-makers. The figures on the pillars carrying fly-whisks reflect the intended presence of the image of a sacred being. The shrine would probably have been made for a caumukha or four-faced Jina, composed of four Jinas placed back-to-back, each one facing outward towards an open archway. Such images were used in full-size Jain temples in the four-doored, caturmukha plan with the Jinas facing in the cardinal directions. This small shrine would have been used either for a domestic altar in a wealthy home, or perhaps more likely, in a Jain temple. This shape is recommended for use in domestic shrines by a Jain text, and it is also seen in portable shrines, although wood is the preferred material for these. The celestial dancers, flywhisk bearers, elephants and cusped arches springing from the mouths of monsters are all common features of Jain temples and shrines. The flywhisk bearers indicate the intended presence of the image of a sacred being and the use of silver inlay reflects the care lavished on the ornamental detail of this example. The detachable roof section, however, is much plainer in style. It fits perfectly into the space in the main shrine, though, so it was clearly made for this shrine, although it is not known whether it may have been a replacement for an earlier roof. |
Bibliographic reference | Jain, Jyotindra, and Fischer, Eberhard. Jaina Iconography. Iconography of Religions XIII, 13. Leiden : E.J. Brill, 1978. ISBN 9004052593 and 9004052615. Part II, pp. 14, 17, plates XXIII and XXV. |
Collection | |
Accession number | IS.175:1, 2-2007 |
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Record created | November 18, 2008 |
Record URL |
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