Physical description
Pair of pink opera-length crêpe gloves with exaggerated ruffles down the back of the hand extending all the way up the forearm.
Place of Origin
Paris, France (made)
Date
1938 (made)
Artist/maker
Schiaparelli, Elsa, born 1890 - died 1973 (designer)
Materials and Techniques
Crêpe
Object history note
Ref. Paris Centre de Documentation de Costume, Schiaparelli, Album no 19, 1938, p.124
Historical significance: Extremely important Schiaparelli design, representing her collaboration with Salvador Dali. Particularly significant in how it relates to world affairs. The savagely ripped print suggests the horrors of the Spanish Civil War and the upcoming turmoil of the Second World War.
Historical context note
In 1936 Salvador Dali painted three pictures showing figures with flayed/torn skin where torn garment and torn flesh were indistinguishable. One of these, Necrophiliac Springtime was owned by Elsa Schiaparelli. The one most commonly associated with the "Tears Dress" is Three Young Surrealist Women Holding In Their Arms The Skins Of An Orchestra (both paintings can be seen in Blum, p.139)
The Circus Collection for summer 1938 was presented at the beginning of February of that year, just after the Paris Surrealism exhibition opened on 17th January. Along with this dress, Dali collaborated with Schiaparelli on the Skeleton Dress in the same collection. (T.394-1974).
Richard Martin says that to "tear the dress is to deny its customary decorum and utility, and to question the matter of concealment and revelation in the garment." He compares it to the Spanish Civil War, and the spread of Fascism through Europe. He suggests that the imagery of rent fabric held strong implications for both the politicial and visual worlds. To Martin, the dress is a memento mori - a reminder of one's own mortality - that was in a state of destruction even when it was new. (p.136-137) The real tears on the cape/veil and the fictive tears on the dress create a visual friction between what is real and what is not. Martin proposes that if the dress were to become mere decoration (like slashing in the 16th century), the cape would still negate this, and vice versa. The two styles support each other's plausibility. The mysticism of penetration without tearing asunder becomes more viable when accompanied by a physical manifestation of the dress without rupture. Dress is therefore used to represent and reference, just as furniture, architecture, and sculpture themselves do. (p.114)
- Daniel Milford-Cottam, 2008
Bibilography
Blum, Dilys E. Shocking! The Art and Fashion of Elsa Schiaparelli, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2003
Martin, R. Fashion and Surrealism, London, 1988.
Descriptive line
Pair of crêpe evening gloves, 'The Circus Collection', designed by Elsa Schiaparelli, Paris, 1938.
Bibliographic References (Citation, Note/Abstract, NAL no)
Palmer White, Elsa Schiaparelli: Empress of Paris Fashion. p.134-135, p.166. London, 1986
Blum, Dilys E. Shocking! The Art and Fashion of Elsa Schiaparelli. (Philadelphia, 2003) p.138-139
Martin, R. Fashion and Surrealism, London, 1988. p.114, 136-137.
Exhibition History
Fashion: an anthology by Cecil Beaton (Victoria and Albert Museum 01/01/1972-31/12/1972)
Surreal Things (Victoria and Albert Museum 28/03/2007-28/03/2007)
Materials
Crepe
Subjects depicted
Surrealism; Trompe-l'oeil
Categories
Clothing; Fashion; Evening wear; Accessories
Production Type
Haute couture
Collection code
T&F
