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Illustration

ca.1920 (drawn)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

The illustration shows the third Manager, a dummy in blackface and evening dress which would then have been described as ‘a negro’, mounted on horseback for the ballet created by Pablo Picasso for Parade in 1917. The horse is ‘pantomime –style’, or a 'cheval dressé', that is with two men within a costume. During the rehearsals, before the first performance in Paris, the dummy fell off the horse and it is generally claimed that Picasso bowed to popular concensus and decided to keep the horse unmounted. However the dummy was remade before Parade was presented in London and there is evidence, including White's illustrations, that it was used for performances there. The horse may well reference the music hall act by Footit and Chocolat. The horse’s head is in the style of an African mask. Goli and Baule helmet masks and Fang masks of the Cameroon have been suggested as influences as well as ape masks of the Senufo tribe of Sudan. The background evokes the setting of the ballet.

Parade was created by Jean Cocteau (who had the idea and wrote the libretto), Pablo Picasso (designing his first ballet) and Erik Satie (composer), with choreography by Léonide Massine. It received its premiere at the Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris, on 18 May 1917. This drawing was probably made by White when the ballet was first performed in London in 1919.

The drawings by Ethelbert White were commissioned by the bookseller and publisher Cyril Beaumont and appear to have be intended as possible illustrations for a small book in the Impressions of the Russian Ballet series. Beaumont published twelve volumes documenting eleven ballets between 1918 and 1922.

The Theatre & Performance collection of the V&A holds eight glass plates by Lachmann showing the horse without the dummy on its back at the time of the premiere in Paris.


Object details

Categories
Object type
Materials and techniques
Pen and black ink on paper
Brief description
Illustration by Ethelbert White of the Manager on horseback in the ballet Parade designed by Pablo Picasso for Serge Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes
Physical description
The illustration shows the third Manager, who would then have been described as ‘a negro’, mounted on horseback, created by Pablo Picasso for the ballet Parade in 1917. The horse is ‘pantomime –style’, two men within a costume but the horse’s head is in the style of an African mask. The manager himself is a dummy. Behind the ‘manager’, trees and tall buildings are drawn to evoke the setting of the ballet.
Dimensions
  • Height: 10cm
  • Width: 8.6cm
Credit line
Cyril W. Beaumont Collection
Object history
NB: The term "negro" was used historically to describe people of black African heritage but, since the 1960s, has fallen from usage and, increasingly, is considered offensive. The term is repeated here in its original historical context.
Production
Probably drawn for a book in the series Impressions of the Russian Ballet that was never published.
Subject depicted
Summary
The illustration shows the third Manager, a dummy in blackface and evening dress which would then have been described as ‘a negro’, mounted on horseback for the ballet created by Pablo Picasso for Parade in 1917. The horse is ‘pantomime –style’, or a 'cheval dressé', that is with two men within a costume. During the rehearsals, before the first performance in Paris, the dummy fell off the horse and it is generally claimed that Picasso bowed to popular concensus and decided to keep the horse unmounted. However the dummy was remade before Parade was presented in London and there is evidence, including White's illustrations, that it was used for performances there. The horse may well reference the music hall act by Footit and Chocolat. The horse’s head is in the style of an African mask. Goli and Baule helmet masks and Fang masks of the Cameroon have been suggested as influences as well as ape masks of the Senufo tribe of Sudan. The background evokes the setting of the ballet.

Parade was created by Jean Cocteau (who had the idea and wrote the libretto), Pablo Picasso (designing his first ballet) and Erik Satie (composer), with choreography by Léonide Massine. It received its premiere at the Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris, on 18 May 1917. This drawing was probably made by White when the ballet was first performed in London in 1919.

The drawings by Ethelbert White were commissioned by the bookseller and publisher Cyril Beaumont and appear to have be intended as possible illustrations for a small book in the Impressions of the Russian Ballet series. Beaumont published twelve volumes documenting eleven ballets between 1918 and 1922.

The Theatre & Performance collection of the V&A holds eight glass plates by Lachmann showing the horse without the dummy on its back at the time of the premiere in Paris.
Collection
Accession number
S.4107-2013

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Record createdMarch 27, 2014
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