Rings engraved with religious figures or scenes are often known as ‘iconographic rings’. They were decorated with the popular saints of the middle ages: Catherine, Barbara, Christopher, George and Margaret as well as figures of the Virgin Mary, Christ or the Three Kings. These rings were worn as a sign of faith but were also believed to offer protection from both spiritual and earthly dangers. Pregnant women prayed to St Margaret for a safe delivery whilst travellers appealed to St Christopher. Rings with a ridged hoop divided into two or three panels are generally believed to be English.

St Catherine of Alexandria was one of the 'virgin martyrs'. Her body was said to have been discovered at Mount Sinai in Egypt in 800 CE, miraculously uncorrupted, with flowing hair and producing a healing oil. Shrines and altars were dedicated to her across Europe, some such as the Cathedral in Rouen, holding relics of her body or phials of oil. She was particularly associated with young women, as an example of purity and modesty.

This ring forms part of a collection of over 600 rings and engraved gems from the collection of Edmund Waterton (1830-81). Waterton was one of the foremost ring collectors of the nineteenth century and was the author of several articles on rings, a book on English devotion to the Virgin Mary and an unfinished catalogue of his collection (the manuscript is now the National Art Library). Waterton was noted for his extravagance and financial troubles caused him to place his collection in pawn with the London jeweller Robert Phillips. When he was unable to repay the loan, Phillips offered to sell the collection to the Museum and it was acquired in 1871. A small group of rings which Waterton had held back were acquired in 1899.