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Mount Calvary

Print
late 16th century or early 17th century? (printed), 1517 (engraved)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

This impression shows how a printing plate could pass through several owners and continue to satisfy demand for an artist's prints even after it had worn down. Lucas van Leyden’s renown meant that his plates were reprinted long after his death to satisfy demand from print-collectors. This print was made from Lucas van Leyden’s original plate. In the corner, printer Maarten Peeters later added his address to the plate, which another owner then erased. To extend its life, the plate was re-engraved when it had become worn down. Some details have completely changed, such as the boulder beside the dog and the buildings top left. Unfortunately the original quality of the print is barely discernable.

At this time a canon of printmakers was being established by writers like Giorgio Vasari (1568). Vasari considered Leyden almost equal to Albrecht Dürer. This was one of three works singled out as his best.

Carel van Mander in his 1604 Schilder-boek describes Leyden as being particular about the quality of the prints he sold, burning 'great heaps' of them. Ironically, there survive more poor impressions than good ones because Leyden's renown led to the plates being reprinted and reworked long after his death.


Object details

Categories
Object type
Titles
  • Mount Calvary (popular title)
  • Golgotha (popular title)
Materials and techniques
engraving print on paper
Brief description
Mount Calvary (or Golgotha); Engraving print on paper; By Lucas Hugensz van Leyden (called Lucas Jacobsz); Originally engraved Leiden, Netherlands, 1517; This impression printed from a reworked plate with details altered late, 16th century or early 17th century(?).
Physical description
Depiction of Mount Calvary featuring a landscape setting with Calvary to the left in the background with three crucifixions, that of Christ surrounded by a group of mourners and in the foreground and to the left various groupings of people.
Dimensions
  • Trimmed height: 30.6cm
  • Trimmed width: 43.3cm
  • Platemark height: 29.4cm
  • Platemark width: 41.8cm
Style
Marks and inscriptions
  • L (Monogram on plate)
  • [erased]Martin Petri excude in insigne aurei fontis (bottom right on plate below date)
  • 1517 (date, 1517 lower right corner (not reversed as in early impressions))
Credit line
Bequeathed by Rev. Alexander Dyce
Object history
Described as 'third state, the date corrected and retouched' in Dyce catalogue. However, later state according to Hollstein, address of a printer Maarten Peeters, bottom right, has been erased and some details have been completely reworked eg some of the buildings in the background, the rock to left of dog is square in original but a boulder here, which would make it VI state; this may be original Leyden plate which passed over into ownership of MP and was reworked and reprinted.

There is a design for a copy after an earlier state of the original at Dyce 388.
Production
Described as 'third state, the date corrected and retouched' in Dyce catalogue. However, according to Hollstein VI state (see object history note).
Subjects depicted
Summary
This impression shows how a printing plate could pass through several owners and continue to satisfy demand for an artist's prints even after it had worn down. Lucas van Leyden’s renown meant that his plates were reprinted long after his death to satisfy demand from print-collectors. This print was made from Lucas van Leyden’s original plate. In the corner, printer Maarten Peeters later added his address to the plate, which another owner then erased. To extend its life, the plate was re-engraved when it had become worn down. Some details have completely changed, such as the boulder beside the dog and the buildings top left. Unfortunately the original quality of the print is barely discernable.

At this time a canon of printmakers was being established by writers like Giorgio Vasari (1568). Vasari considered Leyden almost equal to Albrecht Dürer. This was one of three works singled out as his best.

Carel van Mander in his 1604 Schilder-boek describes Leyden as being particular about the quality of the prints he sold, burning 'great heaps' of them. Ironically, there survive more poor impressions than good ones because Leyden's renown led to the plates being reprinted and reworked long after his death.
Bibliographic references
  • Hollstein, F. W. H. Dutch and Flemish etchings, engravings and woodcuts, ca. 1450-1700. Amsterdam : M. Hertzberger, 1949-, no. 74.
  • Bartsch, Adam von, 1757-1821. The Illustrated Bartsch. New York : Abaris Books, 1978-, no. 74.
  • Jacobowitz, Ellen S. and Stephanie Loeb Stepanek. The Prints of Lucas van Leyden & his Contemporaries. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1983, pp. 161-163.
  • Bartsch, Adam von. Le Peintre Graveur. Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1854-1876, no. 74.
  • Cornelis, Bart and Jan Piet Filedt Kok. 'The taste for Lucas van Leyden prints', in Simiolus - Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. 26: 1/2 (1998).
  • Landau, David and Peter Parshall. The Renaissance Print: 1470-1550. Yale University Press, 1994.
  • DYCE COLLECTION. A Catalogue of the Paintings, Miniatures, Drawings, Engravings, Rings and Miscellaneous Objects Bequeathed by The Reverend Alexander Dyce. London : South Kensington Museum : Printed by G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O., 1874.
Other number
74 - Le Peintre-Graveur
Collection
Accession number
DYCE.1959

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Record createdSeptember 19, 2009
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