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Head of St John the Baptist

Panel
15th century (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

This alabaster panel depicts the head of St John the Baptist surrounded by saints. Alabaster, a fine grained form of gypsum, is a smooth marble-like stone that became popular during the late Middle Ages for the carving of religious sculpture. Softer than marble, it was much easier to carve and also considerably cheaper. England was an important European centre of alabaster production, with quarries outside Nottingham, York, Burton-on-Trent and London. From about 1380s, alabasters - both single devotional images and reliefs for altarpieces - were exported in considerable numbers to the continent where they were to survive, whereas in England such images were destroyed during the Reformation.


Object details

Categories
Object type
TitleHead of St John the Baptist
Materials and techniques
carved and painted alabaster
Brief description
Alabaster panel depicting the head of St John the Baptist with saints, England, 15th century
Physical description
Alabaster panel depicting the head of St John the Baptist surrounded by saints. The head with forked beard is shown on a dish, and marked by the wound left by Herodias according to legend. Above, two angels hold a small, haloed figure representing the soul, below two kneeling angels support the dish, which has a legible inscription. The Agnus dei is between them. On the lower left of the panel the Virgin is enthroned, crowned and veiled holding the Christ child. On the lower left St. Catherine holding her emblem the wheel. Above the Virgin stands St. Peter in the papal triple crown and above St. Catherine an archbishop, probably St. Thomas Becket.
Dimensions
  • Height: 27cm
  • Width: 20.6cm
Marks and inscriptions
'Caput sci ihohanis [sic] baptiste i disco'
Credit line
Given by Dr. W L Hildburgh
Subjects depicted
Summary
This alabaster panel depicts the head of St John the Baptist surrounded by saints. Alabaster, a fine grained form of gypsum, is a smooth marble-like stone that became popular during the late Middle Ages for the carving of religious sculpture. Softer than marble, it was much easier to carve and also considerably cheaper. England was an important European centre of alabaster production, with quarries outside Nottingham, York, Burton-on-Trent and London. From about 1380s, alabasters - both single devotional images and reliefs for altarpieces - were exported in considerable numbers to the continent where they were to survive, whereas in England such images were destroyed during the Reformation.
Bibliographic references
  • Combs Stuebe, Isabel, 'The Johannischüssel: from narrative to reliquary to Andachtsbild' in Marsyas, XIV, 1968-9, p. 7, fig. 7.
  • Cheetham, Francis. English Medieval Alabasters. Oxford: Phaidon-Christie's Limited, 1984, no. 246.
  • Boldrick, Stacy, <i>Wonder: Painted Sculpture from Medieval England</i>, Leeds, Henry Morre Institute, 2002
  • Derveaux-Van Ussel, Gh. Exposition de Sculptures Anglaises et Malinoises d'Albâtre, Bruxelles : Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, 1967 no.72
Collection
Accession number
A.164-1946

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Record createdApril 20, 2005
Record URL
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