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The Crucifixion

Triptych
ca. 1840-1850 (made)
Artist/Maker
Place of origin

This carved ivory triptych depicting the crucifixion is made by an unknown artist from Germany, possibly Nuremberg or from France, possibly Paris, probably from about 1840-1850. It is flanked on the wings by two shields of arms with the initials H.V.I and I.V.R. and in the heraldic manner current in about 1500. A triptych very similar in style is in the Kestner Museum at Hanover (Pelke, O: Elfenbein, 1923, fig. 312, p. 398). The subjects in both cases are apparently taken from German woodcuts.
The triptych is betrayed as a nineteenth-century fabrication by its unconvincing style, perfect condition, anachronistic arcading, modern method of facture, over-elaborate silver mounts and incorreclty shaped heraldic shields.
The Gothic Triptych was to all intents and purposes a sub-branch of the tabernacle polyptych, with a shallower central panel and two, rather than four, hinged wings. The subject matter was the same, dominated by single images of the standing Virgin and Child and scenes from the infancy of Christ. Triptychs – like diptychs – are better suited to the needs of a travelling clientele, who would wish to take these small portable altars with them as aids to prayer. Some of them were intended to be carried in cases, usually of cuir bouilli (boiled leather).

Object details

Categories
Object type
TitleThe Crucifixion (generic title)
Materials and techniques
Carved elephant ivory
Brief description
Triptych, carved ivory, the crucifixion, flanked on the wings by two shields of arms in the manner of those current in about 1500, Germany (Nuremberg?) or French (Paris?), probably 1840-1850
Physical description
Carved ivory triptych, depicting the crucifixion, flanked on the wings by two shields of arms with the initials H.V.I and I.V.R. and in the heraldic manner current in about 1500.
The crucified Christ is shown between the Virgin and St. John the Evangelist with, above, dense and undercut sprays of leaves growing out of the cross. The right wing shows a ram in the shield and on the crest, and the scroll below has letters 'I: V: R'
Dimensions
  • Height: 9.3cm
  • Of central panel width: 5.8cm
  • Of total width: 12cm
Marks and inscriptions
  • initials; "H.V.L." and "I.V.R." (on the wings;)
  • initials; "I.V.R." (on the right wing;)
Object history
Longhurst stated simply that the triptych was acquired in Paris, with no vendor given; the Museum records provide no further details, only recording the purchase price of £15 4s, in 1856.

Historical significance: Based in form on a 14th century ivory triptych but with figures in a style of a sculpture on early 16th century German altarpieces. The coat of arms are generalised versions of a type current around 1500.
Historical context
A triptych very similar in style is in the Kestner Museum at Hanover (Pelke, O: Elfenbein, 1923, fig. 312, p. 398). The subjects in both cases are apparently taken from German woodcuts.
Subjects depicted
Summary
This carved ivory triptych depicting the crucifixion is made by an unknown artist from Germany, possibly Nuremberg or from France, possibly Paris, probably from about 1840-1850. It is flanked on the wings by two shields of arms with the initials H.V.I and I.V.R. and in the heraldic manner current in about 1500. A triptych very similar in style is in the Kestner Museum at Hanover (Pelke, O: Elfenbein, 1923, fig. 312, p. 398). The subjects in both cases are apparently taken from German woodcuts.
The triptych is betrayed as a nineteenth-century fabrication by its unconvincing style, perfect condition, anachronistic arcading, modern method of facture, over-elaborate silver mounts and incorreclty shaped heraldic shields.
The Gothic Triptych was to all intents and purposes a sub-branch of the tabernacle polyptych, with a shallower central panel and two, rather than four, hinged wings. The subject matter was the same, dominated by single images of the standing Virgin and Child and scenes from the infancy of Christ. Triptychs – like diptychs – are better suited to the needs of a travelling clientele, who would wish to take these small portable altars with them as aids to prayer. Some of them were intended to be carried in cases, usually of cuir bouilli (boiled leather).

Bibliographic references
  • Inventory of Art Objects Acquired in the Year 1856. In: Inventory of the Objects in the Art Division of the Museum at South Kensington, Arranged According to the Dates of their Acquisition. Vol I. London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O., 1868, p. 32
  • Longhurst, Margaret H., Catalogue of Carvings in Ivory. Part II. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1929, p. 128
  • Maskell, W., A Description of the Ivories Ancient and Medieval in the South Kensington Museum, London, 1872 p. 11
  • Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014 part 1, pp. 206, 207
  • Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014, part 1, pp. 206, 207, cat. no. 66
Collection
Accession number
2818-1856

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Record createdAugust 25, 2004
Record URL
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